Archives of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Ocular trauma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in adults [1]. The incidence of open globe injury (OGI) worldwide is between 2 to 6 cases per 100,000 people per year [2,3]. Visual outcomes range from 20/20 to no light perception. 

Multiple myeloma is a blood-borne cancer with its cell-of-origin in plasma cells or progenitors of plasma cells. In contrast to the extensively studied biology of myeloma cells, the bone marrow microenvironment for myeloma cells remains an uncharted field and poorly understood.

It has been nearly 20 years since Girard first described the technique of placing a lens in the absence of capsular support [1]. Since that first report, numerous procedures have been described [2-9]. While the techniques have continued to evolve, little has been reported on refractive outcomes.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors which predominantly originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestinal lining. Around ~85% of malignant GISTs possess activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or PDGFRA. The driver mutations in genes other than KIT or PDGFRA account for around 15% GISTs and belong to highly heterogeneous groups called wild-type GISTs. Around 20–40% of WT-GISTS are deficient for the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD). 

We are writing to promote a novel Bayesian dynamic borrowing approach, the empirical profile Bayesian estimation, in the published article "Yaoshi Wu, Jianan Hui, Qiqi Deng. Empirical profile Bayesian estimation for extrapolation of historical adult data to pediatric drug development. Pharmaceutical statistics 2020; 19; 787-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.2031."

CNS myelination is a well-known biological phenomenon related to increase in action potential conduction speed and synaptic integration. Demyelination or abnormal myelination has been related to seizures and epilepsy either in patients or animal models. Although its role in fastening action potential propagation has been confirmed, few additional biological functions of CNS myelin has been described.

Humans are within the rare 5% of mammal species that have paternal investment. The quantity and quality of paternal investment is facultative on environmental and social context. Because paternal investment is facultative in nature, father presence is not necessarily critical for survival.

Disorders of sexual development (DSD) are a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal chromosomal, gonadal or phenotypic sex, leading to atypical development of the urogenital tract [1]. Recently, Snipes et al. presented a case of a 46 XY DSD patient whose condition was caused by a rare genetic mutation, identified by a workup initiated after discovering a discrepancy between the genetic sex on the Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and the phenotypic sex on the 20-week ultrasound (US) [2]. 

During lifespan the homeostasis and repair of organs and tissues are guaranteed by the adult stem cell population. Among them, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which contain a subpopulation of multipotent stem cells, are emerging as promising candidates for cell therapy of numerous diseases. MSCs are non-hematopoietic cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes.

Scales are data collection tools that can measure characteristics such as knowledge, emotion, interest, perception, attitude, belief, disposition, risk, quality of life and behavior. The scale development process includes determining the theoretical foundations, creating the items, pilot study, validity and reliability analysis, and final implementation. In the stage of determining the theoretical foundations, the definitions of the construct that the scale wants to measure in the literature are examined and a conceptual framework is created. 

Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is at the intersection of two metabolic pathways: remethylation and trans-sulfuration, which abnormality can result in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In the past few years our team has been working on the molecular mechanism of HHcy development.

Optogenetics utilizes the fusion of naturally occurring light-sensing proteins with target proteins to induce conformational changes, oligomerization, or dissociation in response to illumination of light with specific wavelengths.

Skin aging is related to intrinsic or chronological and extrinsic or environmental factors. Oxidative stress, with generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), occurs during oxidative cell metabolism, mostly on mitochondria, and it is aggravated by chronic exposition to Ultra-Violet (UV)B (short wavelength) and UVA (long wavelength) sun radiations.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and early diagnosis, treatment, and management are essential for reducing the burden of these diseases. This systematic review provides an update on recent developments in the field of CVDs, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosis and management, advances in genetic testing and precision medicine, the role of telemedicine and remote monitoring technologies, novel therapies such as gene therapy and cell therapy, and the importance of addressing mental health in the prevention and management of CVDs.

Within the last ten years, there has been a growing body of data on the potential of neurotransmitter blockers as promising components of comprehensive cancer treatment. Neurotransmitters play an important role in the intercellular communication of the various tumor cells: malignant epithelial cells, myofibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, stromal cells, and endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. In particular, they are responsible for the cells’ resistance to chemotherapy.

Our brain is the most intricated organ of our body. It is, therefore, unsurprising that external factors to which the fetus is exposed to during its development, such as drugs, alcohol, environmental toxicants, and medicines may have lasting effects that extend into adulthood [1,2].

Background: Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD-1a) is the most common form of GSDs, accounting for 80% of these cases. Here we present a 16-month-old boy being treated for GSD-1a at our clinic. Case presentation: Given that the patient was not examined and diagnosed prior to referral to our clinic, mitochondrial disease due to developmental delay, high lactate levels, and lack of hypoglycemia was treated first. 

We present a case of late-onset eye manifestations in a Chinese girl of 18 years old with sporadic BS, presenting only mild eye inflammation. We performed comprehensive ocular examinations including fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICG) for her. The oral hormone plus local anti-inflammatory eye drops have well controlled the inflammation of her eyes.

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, poses a significant threat to public health due to its venomous stings. While the chemistry of fire ants has been well investigated, most studies have focused on ants from mature colonies. The dynamic changes in chemical compositions during colony development have been less explored. In this study, we established S. invicta colonies using newly collected queens from the field and then tracked the chemistry of workers as the colonies developed. Our findings reveal that the chemistry of fire ant workers undergoes significant changes with the development of the colonies. However, the change in chemical diversity was not necessarily in the same direction for all individual glands.

Secukinumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-17A (IL-17A), is widely used for treating immunoinflammatory disorders. While effective, drug-induced uveitis (DIU) is a rare but serious adverse effect associated with biologic medications like TNF-α inhibitors and more recently, IL-17 inhibitors such as secukinumab. We present a case of posterior uveitis in a 42-year-old male with AS who developed ocular symptoms two years after starting secukinumab.