Archives of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS, OMIM 194190) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome caused by a partial deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4. It is characterized by “Greek warrior helmet” facies, central nervous system disorders including seizures and structural defects, and intrauterine growth restriction, among numerous other systemic anomalies.

It has been nearly 20 years since Girard first described the technique of placing a lens in the absence of capsular support [1]. Since that first report, numerous procedures have been described [2-9]. While the techniques have continued to evolve, little has been reported on refractive outcomes.

Topiramate is an increasingly popular medication used in the treatment of migraines, seizures, and other neurologic disorders. Its several mechanisms of action include enhancement of postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor activity (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) and mild inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. 

In this case report we present an unusual case of orbital cholesterol granuloma associated with compressive optic neuropathy and cranial nerve 6th palsy. Cholesterol granuloma results from a foreign body response to the presence of crystallized cholesterol. Cholesterol granuloma affecting the orbit are a rare presentation as they typically occur in the petrous apex of the temporal bone.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in the U.S. However, not much is known of underlying molecular mechanism and how oxidative stress contributes to its development. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of TGFβ signaling pathway on the effect of oxidative stress on VEGF secretion and viability of retinal cells. VEGF is the hallmark that exacerbates DR progression in prolonged diabetes. Some major concerns that have arisen are the underlying effects of antioxidants in elevating VEGF secretion in diabetes.

Retinal capillary nonperfusion is a hallmark of numerous retinal disease processes including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusions, sickle cell retinopathy, as well as infectious and inflammatory diseases of the retina. Capillary nonperfusion in the macula, or ischemic maculopathy, typically leads to photoreceptor death and irreversible visual impairment [1,2]. 

Phakic intraocular lenses have been available as an option for the treatment of refractive errors in eyes whose corneal surgical procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or small incision lenticule extraction (Smile) are formally contraindicated or unacceptable [1-3]. 

This commentary relates to Gwilliam, Joyce, and Dimitriou and their longitudinal work on sleep problems in toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS). WS is a rare and sporadic genetic disorder caused by a small deletion of genes on chromosome 7. Individuals with WS experience a range of medical and developmental difficulties and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent. The aim, here, is to address why early identification of sleep problems could be beneficial for children with WS and their families.

Continuing our report on the coexistence of two culture-bound syndromes, namely Koro and Dhat syndrome coexisting with OCD, we will discuss some relevant psychosexual issues in this context. It is pretty interesting to note that how two culture-bound syndromes facilitate sexual symptom formation among vulnerable individuals. India has now become a Koro-prone country, especially after six large-scale epidemics since 1982. Penile shrinking or retraction or contraction is now a potential social cognitive construct in different forms of actual or alleged complaints of sexual dysfunctions.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a challenging condition marked by intense and often long-lasting pain, typically occurring in a limb following an injury. Traditional treatment approaches might not always offer significant pain relief, prompting the investigation of advanced treatments like Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS).

The significance of contrast sensitivity (CS) in impacting real visual ability cannot be emphasized enough. In recent years, cataract surgeons and ophthalmologists globally have been focusing more on it. Visual acuity is no longer the sole measure of vision quality, especially in low-light conditions.

Purpose: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is an effective treatment for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) but may be associated with postoperative increases in intraocular pressure (IOP), particularly in high-risk patients. This study evaluated the incidence of IOP elevation following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, the management strategies used, and clinical outcomes at a tertiary eye hospital in Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 162 patients aged 40–80 years who underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for PCO and completed at least one year of follow-up. Data on demographic characteristics, IOP measurements, visual acuity outcomes, and post-procedure management were extracted from medical records. Changes in IOP and visual acuity before and after the procedure were analyzed, and outcomes were compared between patients with and without pre-existing glaucoma.