Journal of Neurobiology and Physiology

Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Adequate pain management is critical to the well-being and overall recovery of these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative in-person pain education on the pain severity experienced by patients undergoing CABG surgery in Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center in Tehran in 2022. In this quasi-experimental study, 72 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were selected and randomly divided into intervention (n=36) and control (n=36) groups.

This commentary highlights the key points in the recent article by Blum et al. [1] that advocates for medical practices to adapt conservation measures to reduce waste and lower their carbon footprints. Healthcare in the United States produces considerable amounts of pollutants into the air, water, and soil. It is both a significant challenge and an opportunity for healthcare to reduce its carbon footprint. Medical offices, surgical centers and hospitals are responsible for 10% of chemicals that produce smog and 10% of greenhouse gasses [2]. Estimates show that the amount of greenhouse gasses and smog production from healthcare, among other factors, contributes to 405,000 years of disability-adjusted lives lost annually in the United States [2].

Today, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus affect 33.3 million people in the United States and nearly 500 million adults worldwide, and there is concern that this number may increase steadily in the future. Previous studies have linked the development of type 2 diabetes to multiple lifestyle factors, including physical activity level and diet, and biological characteristics, such as body composition, age, and race; however, current research suggests that gender may also have an impact on one’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Variations in type 2 diabetes diagnosis, prevalence, and progression have been found between males and females.

Depression is one of the most common comorbidities of chronic diseases including diabetes and obstructive lung diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma). Obstructive lung diseases and depression have few symptoms in common. However, they are both common in adults and associated with chronic inflammation. It is not clear if their coappearance in diabetic patients is coincidental or associated beyond that expected by chance.

Examining BRCA mutations in preoperative breast cancer patients is very important when selecting a surgical procedure. Although there are advantages and disadvantages associated with knowing about the presence of genetic mutations, including for the patient’s family, there are many benefits for the patient. BRCA genetic testing should be recommended for patients who are strongly suspected of being positive for a BRCA mutation. 

The COVID-19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenges for anesthesia professionals and their surgical patients. Beyond managing infection risk, positive COVID-19 surgical patients add additional challenges to their perioperative care, where its perioperative risk are superimposed onto an already baseline anesthesia risk in real-time with an unknown and unpredictable fashion.

Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is a medically supervised preventative cardiovascular program that involves a multi-disciplinary approach including physician-prescribed exercises, cardiac risk factor modification (education, counseling, and behavioral intervention), psycho-social assessment, outcomes assessment, and individual treatment plans [1,2]. 

The protein hormone adiponectin regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism by binding to two PAQR-family receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Both receptors feature a C-terminal segment which is released by proteolysis to form a freely circulating C-terminal fragment (CTF) found in the plasma of normal individuals but not in some undefined diabetes patients.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are occasionally associated with autoimmune manifestations. The prevalence of positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) in patients with JAK2V617F mutation is not yet known.

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma (gMZBL) is the most frequent type of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). The histology of gMZBL shows typical small cell morphology, however, there also exists a large cell variant.

Participating in physical activity and exercise has significant benefits, including treating, preventing, and reducing risk factors for chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and osteoarthritis. Physical activity can also positively play a role in palliative care among individuals with terminal diseases. 

Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Every 40 seconds, someone in the United States sustains a stroke, resulting in approximately 133,000 deaths per year. Stroke related deaths accounted for 11.8% of total deaths in 2015, making stroke the second leading cause of death worldwide, second only to heart disease 

During vascular neurointervention procedures, the use of double antiaggregation therapy (mainly acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel) is required to minimize the risk of thromboembolic complications.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare and specific variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive IVLBCL is particularly rare and highly aggressive. Up to present, only a few cases of EBV-positive IVLBCL have been reported in the literature. Here, we would like to further explore its clinicopathological and molecular features to ensure the awareness and accurate diagnosis of this entity.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that compromises the integrity of multiple organs and systems including the nervous system. Not only does neurodegeneration occur in peripheral nerves of diabetic subjects but also in brain structures. Particularly, diabetes impairs olfactory functions which suggests the alteration of regions of the central nervous system related with olfaction, however, few studies have shed light on the mechanisms that cause these alterations.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke also imposes an important economic burden. In Western countries, approximately 2-5 per cent of total health-care costs are due to cerebrovascular diseases. Within the first year following a stroke, acute in-patient care accounts for the majority of direct health-care costs.

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a significantly increased risk for cognitive impairment that is associated with cerebrovascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction. The sub-acute stage following high thoracic SCI is characterized by increased fibrosis and stiffness of cerebral arteries. However, a more prolonged duration after SCI exacerbates cerebrovascular injury by damaging endothelium.

Renal rehabilitation is a process to conduct treatments for the patients suffering from kidney disease and support to help them for their smooth achievement of social rehabilitation. Patients with dialysis-dependent kidney failure carry some additional burden of co-morbidity, such as, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, infections, and many other. Approximately 10% of the world population is affected by chronic kidney disease and the incidence of dialysis is quite high.

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the bloodstream before developing into mature red blood cells.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) represents a serious emotional toll for the families of affected children and represents a significant financial burden for healthcare providers. Historically, patients living in rural regions, such as Appalachia, have limited access to healthcare facilities.