Journal of Neurobiology and Physiology

Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Adequate pain management is critical to the well-being and overall recovery of these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative in-person pain education on the pain severity experienced by patients undergoing CABG surgery in Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center in Tehran in 2022. In this quasi-experimental study, 72 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were selected and randomly divided into intervention (n=36) and control (n=36) groups.

We read with great interest the paper published by Jiang et al. [1]. They illustrated a case of cesarean scar molar pregnancy in which the patient complained of vaginal bleeding and amenorrhea, and the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) increased abnormally and eventually recovered following comprehensive therapy including suction evacuation, uterine arterial embolization (UAE), and chemotherapy. 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is central nervous system (CNS) based disease. It is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease [1]. The main causes for MS are genetic and environmental factors. It is a disease of young people (median age of onset is around 28 years) but is lifetime and is often disabling; 50% of patients need a cane to walk 15 years after disease onset; and Worldwide more than 2.5 Million persons are affected.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a comprehensive care protocol that incorporates evidence-based practices to achieve the most optimal postoperative outcomes, safe on-time discharge, and surgical cost efficiency. ERAS protocols have been adapted for specialty-specific needs and implemented by a variety of surgical disciplines including thoracic surgery.

Geophagy is described in most countries of the world as a practice observed in pregnant women. In industrialized countries, it results from migrant populations who carry with them their cultural habits and practices. This is the case in France and more particularly in Guiana, an overseas territory. Originally used to treat the ills of pregnancy, it is today considered to be dangerous for the woman and her unborn child.

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are two of the most prominent and complex progressive neurological disorders that have a profound global impact [1,2]. These diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide, causing significant morbidity and placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems and society [3,6]. Despite considerable advancements in understanding these disorders over the years, developing effective treatments remains a complex and multifaceted challenge [7,8].

Microsurgical training is an asset for deployed military orthopaedic surgeons who frequently treat hand or nerve injuries in the field.

Kinking of an epidural catheter is a rare complication associated with the catheter material, diameter, design and length of introduction inside the epidural space. Flushing test should be attempted before fixation of the catheter on the skin to ensure its normal function. If a kink located distal to the skin is suspected, a slight withdrawal could relieve the obstruction, but usually the complete withdrawal and new catheter placement is needed.

Irradiation is considered as one of the causes that may inhibit tooth development. Radiation exposure during the period of tooth development may result in impaired, delayed, or absolute failure to develop/eruption of the tooth. Radiation exposure at high dosage may also impair facial development in the pediatric population who had received radiation therapy for a malignant tumor in the head and neck region. Here we reported a case of Radiation-Induced Radicular Hypoplasia (RIRH) in a 19-year-old patient who received radiotherapy ten years ago for the Embryonal Rhabdo Myo Sarcoma of the soft palate.

Scalp psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, thickened (erythematous), well-demarcated patches or plaques with overlying silvery-white scales, affecting part or all of the scalp, is an autoimmune disease accompanied by itchy skin. The disease is associated with faulty functioning of adaptive and innate components of immune systems. The key pro- inflammatory cytokines mediating immunopathology of psoriasis are IL-17 and IL-23 which promote proliferation of Th 17 cells which in turn induce proliferation of keratinocytes leading to the disease.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in the U.S. However, not much is known of underlying molecular mechanism and how oxidative stress contributes to its development. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of TGFβ signaling pathway on the effect of oxidative stress on VEGF secretion and viability of retinal cells. VEGF is the hallmark that exacerbates DR progression in prolonged diabetes. Some major concerns that have arisen are the underlying effects of antioxidants in elevating VEGF secretion in diabetes.

While much of research progress has been achieved in last century on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the conclusive therapy for the same is still unachieved. Several lines of therapeutic regimes have been introduced, which basically act on slowing down the disease progression.

Different computational models and new devices are under development, aiming to better comprehend and alter brain function. Ternary computating offers new approach by considering a third physiological state of the neuronal membrane: the refractory period (-1), in addition to resting potential state (0) and the action potential.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, manifesting as a characteristic movement disorder with a number of additional non-motor features. The pathological hallmark of PD is the presence of intra-neuronal aggregates of a-synuclein (Lewy bodies). The movement disorder of PD occurs largely due to loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, resulting in striatal dopamine depletion.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health crisis currently afflicting ~6 million Americans (and ~40 million people worldwide). By the middle of the century, these numbers will stagger by ~16 million Americans (and ~152 million people worldwide) suffering from AD, if breakthrough disease-modifying treatments are not discovered.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) through breastfeeding remains a major source of pediatric HIV-1 infection worldwide. To characterize plasma HIV-1 subtype C populations from infected mothers during pregnancy that related to subsequent breast milk transmission, an exploratory study was designed to apply next generation sequencing and a custom bioinformatics pipeline for HIV-1 gp41 extending from heptad repeat region 2 (HR2) through the membrane proximal external region (MPER) and the membrane spanning domain (MSD).

Dopamine is used often in the NICU to increase cardiac output and blood pressure in neonates that are acutely ill. Dopamine is a catecholamine and as a short plasma half-life of approximately two minutes. It is interesting that the effect on the neonate is dosed dependent. In low doses (<2mcg/kg/min) vasodilation occurs as specific dopamine receptors are stimulated.

The human brain is a complex network of billions of neurons accompanied by astrocytes and microglia among others [1]. Neurons communicate via specialized sites of cell-cell contacts called synapses, where information is transmitted via the presynaptic release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs) [2]. Through the integration of information transmitted via large networks of neurons, complex tasks, such as learning, memory and various behaviors, are regulated.

In neurological diseases like diabetic neuropathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia, the expression of some genes such as caspase-3 and -9 and Bcl2 increases. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, spongiform encephalopathy, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Silibinin, the powerful antioxidant without any side effects, can be used in treating of neurological diseases.

Unicornuate uterus represents a congenital uterine anomaly, with an incidence of approximately 0.1%-0.4%. The discourse surrounding the administration of interstitial pregnancy persists as a subject of contention. This uncommon malady is on the rise in terms of frequency, encompassing approximately 2%-6.8% of all instances of ectopic gestations and comprising 2%-4% of tubal ectopic pregnancies.