Journal of Biomed Research

2026

Volume 7, Issue 1, p1-45

Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.

Review Article Open Access

Tsetse fly management and trypanosomiasis control strategies in Ethiopia

Masresha Yehualashet

Animal trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, is a major constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. The disease, primarily transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), leads to anemia, weight loss, reduced milk and meat production, infertility, and mortality in affected animals, causing significant socio-economic losses.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p1-8 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.075

Commentary Open Access

Extracts from Nicotiana glauca as a therapeutic strategy against rhabdomyosarcoma

Natalia Frattini, Lucía Pronsato, Andrea Vasconsuelo, Lorena Milanesi

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma, which commonly appears in the head, neck, genitourinary region and extremities. RMS is believed to originate due to alterations in the growth and activity of immature precursor muscle cells, preventing their differentiation into skeletal muscle cells and thus acquiring malignant potential.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p9-11 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.076

Mini Review Open Access

Molecular network regulation and precision therapy frontiers in osteoarthritis: from ferroptosis to autophagy metabolic reprogramming

Yue Zhang, Huichang Zhang, Xiaoying Zhu, Bohong Gao, Kamel Meguellati, Cibo Huang

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent degenerative joint disease, involves intricate molecular interactions across joint tissues. This review highlights advancements in understanding OA pathogenesis, focusing on the ferroptosis-autophagy axis and the therapeutic potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p13-16 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.077

Literature Review Open Access

Bovine mastitis: causopathology, diagnosis, treatment, and patho-pathogenesis

Abraham Belete Temesgen, Birhan Anagaw Malede, Yelak Hulugeza Mengstu, Abebech Atinafu Yehulashet, Saleamlak Abebe, Zerihun Getie Wassie, Kefale Ambachew Shiferaw

Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the bovine mammary gland caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, with pathogens primarily entering through the teat canal. Once established, they proliferate and evade host immunity, triggering complex immunological cascades mediated by bacterial toxins, proteins, and immunomodulators, which can result in increased somatic cell counts, vascular permeability, fibrosis, and systemic toxemia in severe cases.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p17-24 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.078

Case Report Open Access

Successful management of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and Subclinical oroantral communication post dental implant using combined endoscopic and Caldwell Luc approach: a case report

Rubeena Arora, Jitendra Singh, Pankaj Shourie, Vijay Rawat

Objective: To successfully manage odontogenic maxillary sinusitis & subclinical oroantral communication post dental implant, using combined endoscopic & Caldwell Luc approach without removing dental implant.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p25-29 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.079

Editorial Open Access

The living bridge - applications of physiological principles in biomedicine

Divya Ramanathan

In the ever-evolving landscape of biomedicine, physiology continues to act as the quiet architect behind many transformative advances. While molecular biology often captures attention and technology impresses with precision, physiology offers the deeper narrative of how life actually unfolds within the human body.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p30-31 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.080

Commentary Open Access

Reimagining psychiatric classification in the age of Big Data

Sam Goldstein

Mental health diagnosis is undergoing a quiet but decisive transformation, one that reflects both the strengths and the limits of the systems that have guided psychiatry for more than half a century. For decades, structured diagnostic manuals provided a shared language for clinicians, researchers, and institutions, allowing a field once marked by inconsistency to establish a degree of coherence and legitimacy.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p32-35 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.081

Original Research Open Access

Ultrasound guided caudal block for post operative analgesia in adult perineal surgeries; comparison of Ropivacaine versus Ropivacaine and Dexamethasone - a prospective randomized double blinded study

Bhupendra Kr Singh, Varsha Gupta, Swastika Chakraborty, Neelam Sinha, Amit Kumar

Background and aims: Caudal epidural block is a commonly used technique for perineal surgeries in children. It is also used for chronic pain management in adults. Due to anatomical changes and variation, failure rate of caudal block in adults is very high with conventional landmark guided technique even in experienced hands.

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p36-40 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.082

Commentary Open Access

Leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: biology, therapeutic resistance, and barriers to durable remission

Giovannino Silvestri

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells and disruption of normal hematopoiesis. Despite major advances in genomic classification and the development of targeted therapies, long-term survival remains limited for many patients due to relapse and treatment resistance [1–3].

J Biomed Res, 2026, Volume 7, Issue 1, p41-45 | DOI: 10.46439/biomedres.7.083

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Recommended Articles

Commentary on: Hydatidiform mole in the scar of uterus: a case report

We read with great interest the paper published by Jiang et al. [1]. They illustrated a case of cesarean scar molar pregnancy in which the patient complained of vaginal bleeding and amenorrhea, and the concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) increased abnormally and eventually recovered following comprehensive therapy including suction evacuation, uterine arterial embolization (UAE), and chemotherapy.

The physiology of seminal plasma proteins in the equine female reproductive tract

Functional proteomics of seminal plasma has been reviewed by Samanta and co-workers, highlighting greater biologic relevancy and diverse functions of this seminal component to reproductive biology than previously thought. Although not requested for successful fertilization, important biological functions are associated with seminal plasma and the authors suggested that selected proteins may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for various conditions.

Harnessing innovation for the future of breast cancer management

Background: Breast cancer remains a major global health burden despite therapeutic advances, necessitating further innovations to address persistent challenges like therapeutic resistance, adverse effects, and mortality in subgroups. Emerging technologies offer promising opportunities in this regard through data-driven, precise, and personalized approaches.

A scoping review of outcome measures in ovarian cancer clinical trials

The incorporation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is essential for assessing whether a cancer treatment enhances overall patient well-being, beyond merely extending survival. This scoping review aimed to identify and analyze the use of PROs in ovarian cancer clinical trials.

Beyond toxicology: Aryl hydrogen receptor role in physiology

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially discovered as a cellular protein involved in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. Recently, Kou and Dai [1] wrote a concise review on AHR, summarizing advances in several important areas of mammalian physiology including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, integumentary, nervous, and immunomodulatory systems. Given the importance of AHR and our increased understanding of its physiological roles, it is necessary to highlight a few key aspects of AhR in normal development and metabolic homeostasis that have not been extensively discussed.

Significance of BRCA genetic testing for preoperative breast cancer patients

Examining BRCA mutations in preoperative breast cancer patients is very important when selecting a surgical procedure. Although there are advantages and disadvantages associated with knowing about the presence of genetic mutations, including for the patient’s family, there are many benefits for the patient. BRCA genetic testing should be recommended for patients who are strongly suspected of being positive for a BRCA mutation.

Molecular signatures of aggressive pediatric liver cancer

Liver masses account for 5 to 6% of pediatric cancer, which includes hepatoblastoma (HBL) along with rare cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most dangerous form of pediatric liver cancer is aggressive HBL, which can be characterized by chemo-resistance and multiple nodules or metastases at diagnosis, all correlating with worse clinical prognosis. Despite intensive studies and a significant improvement in overall outcomes, very little is known about the key molecular pathways which determine the aggressiveness of pediatric liver cancer.

Kinking of an epidural catheter inside the epidural space: Case report

Kinking of an epidural catheter is a rare complication associated with the catheter material, diameter, design and length of introduction inside the epidural space. Flushing test should be attempted before fixation of the catheter on the skin to ensure its normal function. If a kink located distal to the skin is suspected, a slight withdrawal could relieve the obstruction, but usually the complete withdrawal and new catheter placement is needed.

Deregulation of Slug/Snail2 and TGF-β crosstalk in airway epithelial stem/progenitor cells: A key link between COPD and lung cancer?

This commentary focuses on two recent publications showing deregulation of the transcription factor Slug/Snail2 and TGF-β function in primary bronchial basal/progenitor cells of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the impact on proliferation and the expression of genes involved in stem cell maintenance. We discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the exhaustion of airway basal stem/progenitor cells in tobacco smoke-induced COPD, as well as putative links between COPD and lung cancer at the molecular level.

Radiation induced radicular hypoplasia: A rare case report

Irradiation is considered as one of the causes that may inhibit tooth development. Radiation exposure during the period of tooth development may result in impaired, delayed, or absolute failure to develop/eruption of the tooth. Radiation exposure at high dosage may also impair facial development in the pediatric population who had received radiation therapy for a malignant tumor in the head and neck region. Here we reported a case of Radiation-Induced Radicular Hypoplasia (RIRH) in a 19-year-old patient who received radiotherapy ten years ago for the Embryonal Rhabdo Myo Sarcoma of the soft palate.

Considering Taguchi method as a feature selection method in agent-based models of cancer disease: A mini-review

Cancer biology involves complex dynamics and interactions between cells and the tissue environment. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation can provide a powerful instrument for considering this complexity. Agent-based modeling is a particular discrete hybrid modeling method.

Can regulatory-driven process innovation open the door for cellular therapies in emerging markets?

Due to their impressive clinical success, CAR-T therapies are becoming a more mainstream treatment for patients with hematologic malignancies. In order to make this promising form of therapy accessible to patients in need worldwide, a robust scale-up of such a complex supply chain, that is also affordable worldwide, is essential. Already a challenging endeavor in most privileged countries, but a chimerical undertaking in the more logistically challenged regions and emerging markets across the globe.

The tumor dose sensitivity matrix and stem cells in head and neck cancer

Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the pillars of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNSCC) treatment in combination with cisplatin or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Despite a very high local tumor control rate, approximately 50% of patients with locally advanced disease will develop a recurrence.

Stem cell secretome-mediated alleviation of scalp psoriasis: A case report

Scalp psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red, thickened (erythematous), well-demarcated patches or plaques with overlying silvery-white scales, affecting part or all of the scalp, is an autoimmune disease accompanied by itchy skin. The disease is associated with faulty functioning of adaptive and innate components of immune systems. The key pro- inflammatory cytokines mediating immunopathology of psoriasis are IL-17 and IL-23 which promote proliferation of Th 17 cells which in turn induce proliferation of keratinocytes leading to the disease.

Advancing towards HIV-1 remission: Insights and innovations in stem cell therapies

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to pose a significant global health challenge despite advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which has transformed HIV-1 infection from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition. However, cART is not curative, and its long-term use is associated with challenges such as pill burden, drug toxicities, and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains.

Measurable residual disease as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia: a call to action

The standardization and implementation of new endpoints are crucial for the development of novel therapeutic agents. These endpoints help streamline clinical development while maintaining high standards of care for innovative treatments, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.

A comprehensive review of enteric duplication cysts, their pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract that can be found anywhere along the entire alimentary canal. Duplication cysts share a muscular layer with the adjacent bowel and contain their own mucosal lining which may be that of any part of the alimentary tract.

Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among Under-five children attended at Bule Hora general hospital, West Guji zone, Oromia region, Southern Ethiopia

Anemia is a condition that causes decline of erythrocytes concentration in circulation or hemoglobin in the blood and a concomitant impairment of oxygen transportation. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined as hemoglobin (Hgb)<12 g/dL in adult non-pregnant women, Hgb <11g/dL in pregnant females, Hgb <13g/dL in adult men, Hgb <11g/dl in children whose age is 6-59 months, Hgb <11.5 g/dl in children whose age is 5-11years, Hgb<12 g/dl for children whose age is 12-14 years and Hgb <13 g/dL in newborns.

Renal rehabilitation: Recommendations of exercise therapies in patients with kidney diseases

Renal rehabilitation is a process to conduct treatments for the patients suffering from kidney disease and support to help them for their smooth achievement of social rehabilitation. Patients with dialysis-dependent kidney failure carry some additional burden of co-morbidity, such as, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, infections, and many other. Approximately 10% of the world population is affected by chronic kidney disease and the incidence of dialysis is quite high.

Commentary: Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial ectopic pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus: A case report

Unicornuate uterus represents a congenital uterine anomaly, with an incidence of approximately 0.1%-0.4%. The discourse surrounding the administration of interstitial pregnancy persists as a subject of contention. This uncommon malady is on the rise in terms of frequency, encompassing approximately 2%-6.8% of all instances of ectopic gestations and comprising 2%-4% of tubal ectopic pregnancies.

Journal of Biomed Research

2026

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