Journal of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2023 significantly affected emergency medical care. Physicians who regularly saw their patients by appointment were redeployed to emergency care, increasing their reported burnout. Understanding how the burnout of specialists increased from this redeployment during COVID-19 is relevant to finding ways to reduce redeployment burnout in these appointment-based physicians when preparing for future pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought many challenges to each sector of life. The most affected are the health in general and elective services in specific. The postponement of planned surgical procedures is one of the elective services that not only increased the waiting time in the short-term but will strain the healthcare services in the long-run

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that affects people who live with primary impairment of the motor system affecting the trunk and extremities. The condition has onset occurring during fetal life or in the early developmental years [1]. Seizures can be associated with CP, as well as secondary impairments involving sensation, cognition, behavior, communication, and the musculoskeletal system. Challenges with performing activities of daily living and community participation are intrinsic to the CP condition, which has a prevalence of about 2-3 per thousand live births [2,3].

Background: lack of knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 and radiation safety among healthcare professionals will adversely affect their health and the patients’ safety due to unnecessary radiation exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and the awareness of both domains; COVID-19 and radiation awareness in one survey study. 

The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a health emergency to develop effective therapeutic strategies for restricting deadly disease, COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells by the endocytosis process via receptor-mediated binding and priming by cellular proteases.

The COVID-19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenges for anesthesia professionals and their surgical patients. Beyond managing infection risk, positive COVID-19 surgical patients add additional challenges to their perioperative care, where its perioperative risk are superimposed onto an already baseline anesthesia risk in real-time with an unknown and unpredictable fashion.

Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by hypoproliferative anemia, in which the major defect is ineffective erythropoiesis. Over 70% of patients with DBA have mutations in ribosomal protein subunits, although the precise molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of DBA are not well understood.

Sanfilippo Syndrome Type-B remains an untreatable childhood neurodegenerative disease with great burden for both patient and caregiver. Very few clinical trials have been undertaken to treat the disease, and none of these have yet yielded clinically obtainable products for patients. Caused by a simple enzyme function deficiency, Sanfilippo Syndrome Type-B has been considered a great prospect for gene-therapy interventions.

The case study describes a rare and maybe fatal consequence of coronary stent infection (CSI), with an emphasis on the rise in occurrence over the last decade [1]. In order to enhance patient outcomes, the authors stress the need for early recognition and proper medical and surgical management. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious global health concern, with an estimated 126 million people worldwide suffering from it. In addition, CAD caused millions of fatalities in 2017 [2].

Streptococcus pyogenes infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem causing various diseases in humans, including impetigo and oropharyngeal infections that are responsible for the development of rheumatic fever (RF), a multi-organ inflammatory disorder, Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is its major sequel that leads to heart valves lesions, clinically classified as regurgitation and/or stenosis.

Microbial infection can cause cell damage in both plants and animals, as well as triggering stress responses commonly induced by environmental (abiotic) cues. 

The effects of COVID-19 have been of increasing interest in all fields of medicine after the pandemic, especially considering the important impact and incidence of patients infected with coronavirus. Numerous studies have reported the vast clinical implications related to permanent organ and tissue damage after infection and long COVID. 

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2020 may affect the peripheral and central auditory system. According to studies in the literature, symptoms affecting the vestibulocochlear system such as sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular neuritis are seen in individuals with COVID -19. 

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to pose a significant global health challenge despite advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which has transformed HIV-1 infection from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition. However, cART is not curative, and its long-term use is associated with challenges such as pill burden, drug toxicities, and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains.

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, characterised by the intra-lysosomal accumulation of cystine. Cystinosis results from a defect in the CTNS protein, a lysosomal transport protein for cystine. There are three subtypes of cystinosis: infantile nephropathic cystinosis, juvenile nephropathic cystinosis and ocular non-nephropathic cystinosis.

This is a clinical study which assessed the safety and efficacy of Bevacizumab (Avastin), manufactured by Genentech, in the treatment of maculopathy secondary to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR). All of the patients suffered from Type II Diabetes Mellitus. 
A total of 174 (97 male, 77 female) patients (308 study eyes in total) took part in the clinical study with an average age of 57 years (range 27-80 years). 56 patients (32%) in the study were insulin dependent diabetics. Bevacizumab was given to patients by monthly intra-vitreal injections at a dose of 50 µL per treatment. The Visual Acuity (VA) was assessed using the Snellen technique before and after the Bevacizumab injection and with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

The trigeminal nerve is one of twelve pairs of cranial nerves that attach to the brain. The name “trigeminal” literally means three twins and refers to the fact that the fifth cranial nerve has three major divisions: the ophthalmic (V1), the maxillary (V2), and the mandibular (V3) [1]. The trigeminal nerve is the major sensory nerve of the face and is the nerve of the first branchial arch.

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract that can be found anywhere along the entire alimentary canal. Duplication cysts share a muscular layer with the adjacent bowel and contain their own mucosal lining which may be that of any part of the alimentary tract. 

According to the International Organization of Physical Therapy in Mental Health (IOPTMH), physiotherapy in mental health is a recognized specialty of physical therapy, with a subgroup representing physiotherapists from around the world before the World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT). It is implemented in different settings, in health, psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine.

In the nightmare of the coronavirus pandemic that is spreading around the world, parents could take comfort in one thing - early reports that the virus mysteriously spares children, even though this often leads to critical illness in older people. An article published in the Journal “Pediatrics”, based on 2,143 young people in China, provides the most comprehensive evidence of the spread of the virus among children, and there is bad news and good news [1].