Archives of Stem Cell and Therapy

Within human tissue, oxygen concentrations are considerably less than the 21% O2 concentrations found in ambient air and is termed physiological hypoxia. Typically, the partial pressure of oxygen
(pO2) of human tissue lies between 1% and 14%, with considerable local and regional variations

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine. They can be isolated from different adult tissues. However, the regenerative potential of MSCs obtained from various sources and from different age donors may significantly differ.

The action potential (AP) in cardiac tissue is important for initiating and coordinating contractions in the heart. In addition, the long refractory period minimizes the potential for developing extrasystoles and arrhythmias. The AP is generated by coordinate changes in different ionic currents. In human (or canine) adult ventricular cells, the depolarization phase of the AP is mainly through the influx of Na+ and Ca2+ through specific voltage gated channels.

In many metazoan tissues, highly specialized cells are constantly lost and need to be replaced by tissue homeostasis from adult stem cells. When adult stem cells divide by mitosis their daughter cells either become new stem cells, or enter a proliferation and differentiation path. Recent studies in Drosophila males showed that germline stem cells (GSCs) can increase their mitotic activity in response to repeated mating.

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that portends a poor prognosis and has limited options for treatment. PMF is often driven by clonal mutations in one of three genes that regulate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, leading to hyperactivation of this signaling pathway and over-proliferation of megakaryocytes (MKs) and their precursors. PMF presents with debilitating symptoms such as splenomegaly and weight loss.

Stem cell therapy for the treatment of cerebral palsy is a rapidly expanding area of research that has been identified as a high priority by consumers. There are several types and sources of stem cell therapies under investigation. Stem cell treatments proposed for cerebral palsy are believed to provide benefit via some or all of the following mechanisms including immunomodulation, paracrine signaling and supporting endogenous reparative processes.

Sleeve gastrectomy is the most common bariatric surgery worldwide. However, such a surgery caries risk of complications associated with morbidity and mortality. Gastric leak can occur and represents one of the most severe complications following sleeve gastrectomy. Since the two last decades, regenerative medicine has emerged, offering new strategies to face to sleeve gastrectomy complications.

Multiple myeloma is a blood-borne cancer with its cell-of-origin in plasma cells or progenitors of plasma cells. In contrast to the extensively studied biology of myeloma cells, the bone marrow microenvironment for myeloma cells remains an uncharted field and poorly understood.

This paper discusses the interpretation of the measurement problem and Qbism in quantum mechanics using the Human Language based Consciousness (HLbC) model proposed by the author. The HLbC model holds that consciousness is generated from physical processes only. It adopts the position that consciousness is generated from physical processes only. 

The promising results of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in tumors have changed the current treatment modality for cancer. ICIs response prediction is urgently needed for the personalized therapy approach. In the recent issue of the Journal of Oncology, Zixin Hu et al. proposed that DNA methylation alternations contribute to tumor microenvironment (TME) reshapement to predict the ICIs response. Notwithstanding the global DNA methylation loss, the repression of T cell receptor signaling and the fellow costimulators by DNA hypermethylation contributed to the cold TME and ICIs resistance.

Nearly a decade since the introduction of first-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), their use has expanded with the second-generation agents zanubrutinib and acalabrutinib. These agents show high efficacy particularly in patients with TP53 mutations or del(17p).

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common disease in premature newborns, associated with immature lung injury under the influence of supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. “Classical BPD” is observed in premature newborns who have not received surfactant treatments. It is characterized by pulmonary fibrosis due to oxygen toxicity and volumetric/barometric trauma caused by mechanical ventilation. A new or "mild" form of BPD is observed in children born at 29 weeks of gestation, and is characterized by disordered pulmonary development due to prematurity.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to impact populations worldwide, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Understanding the immune response and identifying early diagnostic markers are crucial in this endeavor. In this comprehensive commentary, we delve into a recent study that investigated the immune cell profiles and NLRP3 gene expression as potential diagnostic markers in COVID-19 patients. 

During lifespan the homeostasis and repair of organs and tissues are guaranteed by the adult stem cell population. Among them, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which contain a subpopulation of multipotent stem cells, are emerging as promising candidates for cell therapy of numerous diseases. MSCs are non-hematopoietic cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes.

Plasma cell myeloma is a hematopoietic neoplasm with morphologic and genetic heterogeneity. Genetics have been shown to play an important role in risk stratification of plasma cell myeloma however the correlation between genetic aberrations and morphologic features is not well studied. In performing a systematic study of 266 multiple myeloma bone marrow biopsies from 329 patients, we initially investigated the association between bone marrow morphology, conventional cytogenetics, gene expression profiling and gene mutations

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a growing global health challenge, impacting over 800 million individuals worldwide [1]. Numerous evidences have shown that women are more resistant to CKD than men before menopause, however this beneficial effect is diminished in those with post-menopause, highlighting the pivotal role of estrogen in kidney disease [2-5].

Skin aging is related to intrinsic or chronological and extrinsic or environmental factors. Oxidative stress, with generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), occurs during oxidative cell metabolism, mostly on mitochondria, and it is aggravated by chronic exposition to Ultra-Violet (UV)B (short wavelength) and UVA (long wavelength) sun radiations.

Influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn) are two major respiratory pathogens in humans. IAV infection alone is often self-limited, and SPn colonization can be found in 5-90% of healthy individuals, as normal flora [1,2].

According to the global epidemiological report on chronic kidney disease (CKD) published by The Lancet, CKD is recognized as a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality [1]. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most main microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CKD [2].

Objective: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters function best when residing within the retrovesical space of the peritoneal cavity, but they frequently migrate and fail. A novel variable length and conforming PD catheter weighted anchor to prevent migration has been evaluated.