Journal of Clinical Pediatrics and Neonatology

Identified only in 1974 as an etiological agent of keratitis [1] and occurring primarily in contact lens wearers, Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) occupies a unique niche in microbial keratitis because of its propensity to be misdiagnosed, the paucity of therapeutic options, as well as its recalcitrance to standard medical therapy. Moreover, the tendency of the organism to form cysts under adverse circumstances (that are resistant to amebicides and extremes of temperature) makes eradication of the infection very challenging. 

Pterygia are a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva, with the potential to extend onto the cornea [1]. The prevalence can vary from 1-15% depending on patient geographic location, with risk factors including ageing and exposure to UV light [1]. Surgical excision is typically indicated if there is irritation, inflammation, reduced vision, encroachment of the visual axis, increasing astigmatism or due to cosmesis [2]. 

Background: lack of knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 and radiation safety among healthcare professionals will adversely affect their health and the patients’ safety due to unnecessary radiation exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and the awareness of both domains; COVID-19 and radiation awareness in one survey study. 

The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a health emergency to develop effective therapeutic strategies for restricting deadly disease, COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells by the endocytosis process via receptor-mediated binding and priming by cellular proteases.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to pose a significant global health challenge despite advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which has transformed HIV-1 infection from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition. However, cART is not curative, and its long-term use is associated with challenges such as pill burden, drug toxicities, and the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains.

It has been nearly 20 years since Girard first described the technique of placing a lens in the absence of capsular support [1]. Since that first report, numerous procedures have been described [2-9]. While the techniques have continued to evolve, little has been reported on refractive outcomes.

Children who experience abuse and neglect often have behavioral health sequalae which are poorly addressed because services are not evidence-based and partnerships with behavioral health providers lack precise coordination. Partnering for Success provides interprofessional training on EBPs, communication, and data sharing and has now been expanded to address the unique needs of children in treatment foster care.

The one conceptual key to improving newborn healthcare outcomes is thought to be bridging the access gap to care, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, recent studies have reported conflicting results relative to establishing a link between outcomes and access to care intervention programs.

Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Every 40 seconds, someone in the United States sustains a stroke, resulting in approximately 133,000 deaths per year. Stroke related deaths accounted for 11.8% of total deaths in 2015, making stroke the second leading cause of death worldwide, second only to heart disease 

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) through breastfeeding remains a major source of pediatric HIV-1 infection worldwide. To characterize plasma HIV-1 subtype C populations from infected mothers during pregnancy that related to subsequent breast milk transmission, an exploratory study was designed to apply next generation sequencing and a custom bioinformatics pipeline for HIV-1 gp41 extending from heptad repeat region 2 (HR2) through the membrane proximal external region (MPER) and the membrane spanning domain (MSD).

We are writing to promote a novel Bayesian dynamic borrowing approach, the empirical profile Bayesian estimation, in the published article "Yaoshi Wu, Jianan Hui, Qiqi Deng. Empirical profile Bayesian estimation for extrapolation of historical adult data to pediatric drug development. Pharmaceutical statistics 2020; 19; 787-802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pst.2031."

It may seem irony that nutrition science historically pertained mostly to undernutrition and deficiency syndromes [1] but nowadays prevention, control and treatment of overnutrition, manifested as overweight and obesity, has become the main task of most nutritionists and related professionals [2]. 

Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (p-FGID) comprise one of the most common chronic conditions impacting global health. Conceptualized as gut-brain communication disorders, p-FGID are often exacerbated by and contribute to significant anxiety as well as functional impairment. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard psychosocial treatment for anxiety spectrum disorders. 

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). In the process of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation), reticulocytes develop and mature in the bone marrow and then circulate for about a day in the bloodstream before developing into mature red blood cells.

The term “tandem spinal stenosis (TSS)” has been used to describe combined cervical and lumbar canal stenosis. We identified in our large series of cases that approximately 58% of cases with cervical canal stenosis were considered to be TSS, and 15% needed surgery for concurrent lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS) [1]. The simultaneous presence of thoracic canal stenosis and LCS is also frequently observed at a clinical site.

In the respiratory management of preterm infants of less than 33 weeks gestational age and very low birth weight infants, it is essential to understand changes in chest X-ray and blood gas findings in addition to observing their clinical symptoms.

In “Family Strategies to Support Siblings of Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients”, we described the 10 strategies used by families to support siblings. One of the strategies was sharing information. Interestingly, only about one third of the parents (Fathers (7/21, 33.3%), and Mothers (8/20, 40%)) indicated that they shared information with the patient about the transplant decision while over half of the children (10/17, 59%) reported that information was shared with them. 

Plasma cell myeloma is a hematopoietic neoplasm with morphologic and genetic heterogeneity. Genetics have been shown to play an important role in risk stratification of plasma cell myeloma however the correlation between genetic aberrations and morphologic features is not well studied. In performing a systematic study of 266 multiple myeloma bone marrow biopsies from 329 patients, we initially investigated the association between bone marrow morphology, conventional cytogenetics, gene expression profiling and gene mutations

With over 17 million deaths per year, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide [1]. For heart disease survivors, rehabilitation is recommended to reduce cardiac mortality risk. Phase two cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive outpatient therapy focused heavily on aerobic exercise.

Background: In a recent study, it was shown that patients with pT1 adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or stomach have a shorter survival time compared to an age- and gender-matched group from the normal population despite curative therapy. The reasons for the loss of expected life years (YLL) can only be discussed. The aim of the present evaluation is to analyze the influence of the patients' gender on the results.