Journal of Clinical Pediatrics and Neonatology

Many drugs are effective systemically, but slow onset of non-intravenous routes of administration may limit their clinical utility. While anesthesiologists usually have intravenous (IV) access for drug delivery, other healthcare professionals in less controlled situations such as acute crises in the emergency room, critical care settings, or urgent needs in the community, may need non-invasive drug delivery [1].

Proximal humerus fracture with simultaneous shoulder dislocation in children is a rare occurrence, with few reported cases. This systematic review of case reports aimed to document the outcomes of different treatment methods. A comprehensive literature search from 1980 to 2024 included case reports on traumatic shoulder fracture-dislocation in children. Eighteen studies were included, with a mean followup of 1.5 years. The cases comprised 7 boys and 11 girls, aged between 11 months and 16 years (median 6 years). The cases were divided into two groups based on epiphysealinvolvement.

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2023 significantly affected emergency medical care. Physicians who regularly saw their patients by appointment were redeployed to emergency care, increasing their reported burnout. Understanding how the burnout of specialists increased from this redeployment during COVID-19 is relevant to finding ways to reduce redeployment burnout in these appointment-based physicians when preparing for future pandemics.

Chronic pain conditions constitute the primary reason for seeking healthcare, the development of related disability and addiction, and the highest driver of healthcare costs. Chronic temporomandibular, jaw and orofacial pain after acute jaw sprain/strain can be prevented if prompt and appropriate treatment in an emergency or urgent care clinic is provided using a jaw sprain/strain clinical protocol immediately after onset to begin the healing and recovery process. 

Sickness rates of children living in regions with extreme environmental pollution resulted in our study evaluating effects of 30-day supplementation with two different food supplements containing nucleotides, amino acids and polypeptides or β-glucan. This study was based on published studies evaluating these effects on children with chronic respiratory problems transported to the region without environmental pollution and into the medical program complemented with climatotherapy, speleotherapy, higher motion activity, rehabilitation, and a special nutritional program. 

The craniovertebral junction is unique and the most complex of the axial skeleton in multiple aspects; embryology, anatomy, pathology and kinematics. A surgical physiological approach to management of its abnormalities was instituted at the University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics (UIHC) in 1977 and has been the accepted treatment algorithm worldwide.

Streptococcus pyogenes infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem causing various diseases in humans, including impetigo and oropharyngeal infections that are responsible for the development of rheumatic fever (RF), a multi-organ inflammatory disorder, Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is its major sequel that leads to heart valves lesions, clinically classified as regurgitation and/or stenosis.

Injuries to the eye are a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits in the pediatric age group. There were nearly 14 million ED visits for traumatic injuries in children under age 5 in 2017 in the US, and most of these occurred at a private residence [1]. The highest number of pediatric ED visits for ocular injury were reported in children ages 1-5.

Anemia is a condition that causes decline of erythrocytes concentration in circulation or hemoglobin in the blood and a concomitant impairment of oxygen transportation. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined as hemoglobin (Hgb)<12 g/dL in adult non-pregnant women, Hgb <11g/dL in pregnant females, Hgb <13g/dL in adult men, Hgb <11g/dl in children whose age is 6-59 months, Hgb <11.5 g/dl in children whose age is 5-11years, Hgb<12 g/dl for children whose age is 12-14 years and Hgb <13 g/dL in newborns.

In the nightmare of the coronavirus pandemic that is spreading around the world, parents could take comfort in one thing - early reports that the virus mysteriously spares children, even though this often leads to critical illness in older people. An article published in the Journal “Pediatrics”, based on 2,143 young people in China, provides the most comprehensive evidence of the spread of the virus among children, and there is bad news and good news [1].

A 2-month-old girl came to our Radiology Department to perform an abdominal ultrasound. At 38 weeks she was born and she was hospitalized for 3 weeks due to intrauterine growth retardation and hypotonia and the results of the medical study were normal, included cerebral and abdominal ultrasound exception karyotype (47 XX with chromosome marker of unknown origin).

There are many reasons why people may feel hesitant to accept vaccines for their children, with fears about a link between vaccines and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) being one of the most common. In fact, parents of children with ASD are among those most likely to become vaccine hesitant. Vaccine-hesitant parents may delay and/or refuse one or more vaccines for their children, which subsequently places them at increased risk for contracting and spreading vaccine-preventable diseases.

Achieving and maintaining recommended vaccination coverage is a major public health goal [1]. Indeed, rates of childhood vaccine coverage in the U.S. among young children have remained high and stable in recent years [2]. While racial/ethnic disparities in recommended childhood vaccine coverage in the general population have been absent or reduced over time, income disparities have changed at different rates within racial/ethnic groups and in some cases have increased [3].

Using CRISPR gene-editing technology, researchers have generated a live attenuated centrin gene deleted Leishmania major parasites (LmCen^-/-) which are able to protect against visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani parasite. Since LmCen^-/- vaccine is antibiotic resistant marker free, safe and prevents mortality, scientists are planning to use it in Phase I human clinical trials.

Patients undergoing Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT) can develop late complications that limit their functioning and reduce their quality of life. This phase requires nursing-specific knowledge for care plans that can meet the patient’s real needs. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to compile the data available in the literature on late complications present in the follow-up of pediatric and adolescent patients after allo HSCT.

Telemedicine is a sub-area of telematics in healthcare and refers to diagnostics and therapy bridging a spatial or temporal distance between doctor, therapist, pharmacist, and patient or between two doctors consulting each other by means of telecommunications.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical procedures performed among pediatric patients in the United States [1]. The pathophysiology of the disease begins with luminal obstruction of the appendix, leading to venous congestion, with eventual arterial inflow obstruction, and finally luminal rupture, resulting in spillage of enteric contents into the abdominal cavity.

Child under nutrition is a serious issue and burning public health problem worldwide. Pre-school children usually require special care. It is evident that pre-school children suffer highest prevalence of mortality and sufferings of disease. If malnutrition starts in early stages of life it is difficult to recover. According to World Health Organization under nutrition of children requires immediate attention.

Objective: To study vaccine hesitancy among health care workers who provide direct care in nursing homes and long-term care facilities which cater to the most vulnerable population of the community. 

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a disorder affecting cortisol biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex [1]. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most frequent reason for CAH, with an incidence between 1:10.000 and 1:20.000 [2]. Due to the lack of enzyme function, patients with any enzyme deficiency cannot synthesize cortisol effectively.