Journal of Clinical Pediatrics and Neonatology

Bangladesh has a number of ethnic minor group population and they lead their life in great ethnic diverse fashion [1]. They constitute about 1% of total population [1]. They are distributed in scattered way all over the hilly, riverine and dense forest region of the country [1].

Intratumor heterogeneity has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Heterogeneity is the driving force of tumor clone evolution. Chromosomal instability, somatic mutation, epigenetic modification and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The degree of such heterogeneity is extremely high.

Over the years, several ablation techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation, have been developed and implemented in the treatment of different cancers. Of these ablation technologies, RFA is the most widely used. RFA is a form of thermal ablation that relies on radio waves to produce an electrical current at the tip of an inserted electrode, thus allowing for heat production at the site of the tumor.

Geophagy is described in most countries of the world as a practice observed in pregnant women. In industrialized countries, it results from migrant populations who carry with them their cultural habits and practices. This is the case in France and more particularly in Guiana, an overseas territory. Originally used to treat the ills of pregnancy, it is today considered to be dangerous for the woman and her unborn child.

Aging is associated with a progressive increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, both in laboratory animals and humans. In rats, aging is accompanied by degenerative and/or atrophic processes in the cholinergic system of the forebrain, as well as morphological changes which parallel a reduction in spatial learning capacity. 

The emergence of new coronaviruses poses a significant global health threat, as witnessed during recent outbreaks. Coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s, primarily causing mild respiratory illnesses in humans. The introduction of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, on the other hand, constituted a watershed moment. The outbreak began in China and swiftly spread to numerous nations, resulting in severe respiratory sickness and a global public health disaster. The SARS-CoV outbreak demonstrated coronaviruses' ability to cause severe illness and inspired substantial study into their origins and transmission patterns.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by multiple molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities, with increasing data to support clinical and prognostic implications to guide clinical decision making. One of the most well described mutations involves fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) that results in a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and is generally associated with poor prognosis involving shorter overall survival and higher rates of relapse.

Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the pillars of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNSCC) treatment in combination with cisplatin or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Despite a very high local tumor control rate, approximately 50% of patients with locally advanced disease will develop a recurrence.

Children who experience abuse and neglect often have behavioral health sequalae which are poorly addressed because services are not evidence-based and partnerships with behavioral health providers lack precise coordination. Partnering for Success provides interprofessional training on EBPs, communication, and data sharing and has now been expanded to address the unique needs of children in treatment foster care.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors which predominantly originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestinal lining. Around ~85% of malignant GISTs possess activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or PDGFRA. The driver mutations in genes other than KIT or PDGFRA account for around 15% GISTs and belong to highly heterogeneous groups called wild-type GISTs. Around 20–40% of WT-GISTS are deficient for the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD). 

A 22-day-old male neonate was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with complaints of abnormal movements, fever, breath holding spells, refusal and bluish discoloration of skin. He was born at term with a birthweight of 2·72 kg to a mother with a history of positive polymerase chain reaction for SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) virus (RT-PCR-positive), asymptomatic 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at 32-33 weeks gestation, which did not require any supportive measures.

In a recent issue of the Children and Youth Services Review, I published an article examining systems of support for LGBTQ youth transitioning from foster care to emerging adulthood [1]. The methodology I used to gather this data included in-depth interviewing combined with ecomapping techniques that I modified to identify the strength and structure of LGBTQ youths’ support networks. 

In a follow-up to the 2016 paper “Preweaning iron deficiency increases non-contingent responding during cocaine self-administration in rats”, we briefly discuss relevant new data regarding iron deficiency published through August, 2021. The original work investigated if early iron deficiency would increase later vulnerability for substance use disorder.

Mehkri et al. have presented a thorough review of calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and its relationship with headaches, both primary (e.g., migraine headaches) and secondary headaches (e.g., headaches secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI)).

In a recent attempt to elucidate the role of HIF1α in modulating the fate of T cells, we have demonstrated that the targeted deletion of HIF1α, specifically in T cells, enhances the inflammatory capabilities and memory phenotype of CD8+ T cells. These findings validate that the T cell-specific ablation of HIF1α or pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α reduces the development of B16F10 melanomas, suggesting an improved anti-tumor immune response characterized by improved secretion of effector molecules, such as IFN-γ, granzyme B, and TNFα, in the CD8+ T cells. Thus, it appears that HIF1α might negatively influence specific effector functions of CD8+ T cells, which are crucial for destroying and targeting tumor cells. 

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a disorder affecting cortisol biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex [1]. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most frequent reason for CAH, with an incidence between 1:10.000 and 1:20.000 [2]. Due to the lack of enzyme function, patients with any enzyme deficiency cannot synthesize cortisol effectively. 

We have made an extensive study of the development of picky eating behavior in childhood, and its effects on diet and growth, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Mothers were recruited during pregnancy in 1991/2 and they and their child have been followed using questionnaires plus measurements at research clinics from infancy onwards. A wealth of information was collected prospectively about feeding the child in their first 1000 days and beyond. Questions were asked at regular intervals about difficulties parents had in feeding their child and how they responded to these difficulties.

The optimal range of cell dose, route of administration, and timing for the treatement of neonatal encephalopathy are not known. However, it is not practical to systematically interrogate all combinations of these variables in animal models to define the optimal cell therapy protocol. Despite this limitation, a number of trends are present in the literature that should be considered when designing future clinical and preclinical trials.

Granular cell tumor, also known as Abrikossoff’s tumor, is a benign tumor that is relatively rare and is slightly more common in female patients, with a higher prevalence between the fourth and sixth decades of life although it is possible to appear at any age. It can appear in any part of the body but about 45-65% of all the lesions appear in the head or neck areas. Intraoral lesions represent about 70% of these cases.

Self-injurious behavior or Non-Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) is rapidly increasing in prevalence in the adolescent populations of the western world. Nevertheless, the training and education for physicians concerning this topic remains limited. Combined with NSSI’s tendency to become addictive in nature and continue well past adolescence, this particular issue is important for the physician to understand to provide adequate long-term treatment. Due to the overwhelming responsibility for the physician to understand and treat the entire patient, this particular article looks to clear the muddy waters surrounding NSSI, discuss how it can become an addiction, review the literature, discuss treatments and therapies, and provide key clinical pearls on building and maintaining relationships with patients afflicted by this disorder.