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Journal of Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology

ISSN: 2833-1133

2022

Volume 1, Issue 1, p1-52

Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.

Mini Review Open Access

A comprehensive review of enteric duplication cysts, their pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment

Quinn Losefsky

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract that can be found anywhere along the entire alimentary canal. Duplication cysts share a muscular layer with the adjacent bowel and contain their own mucosal lining which may be that of any part of the alimentary tract. 

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p1-4 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.001
Review Article Open Access

Involvement of transient receptor potential in liver diseases

Chong Pang, Chun Liu, Xundi Xu

Transient receptor potential (TRP) family is a large superfamily of widely expressed ion channels. In recent years, several studies have been conducted on the mechanism of action of TRP. However, studies on the role of TRP in liver diseases are limited. In fact, TRP plays a vital role in the progression of many liver diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p5-11 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.002
Case Report Open Access

A rarely reported surgical problem: spontaneous scrotal enterocutaneous fistula

Gabrielle Perrotti, Robert Myers, Lili Sadri, MD, Luis Mejia-Sierra, Jacob Katsnelson, MD, Steven Fassler, Ryan Shadis

Spontaneous scrotal enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) are rare. They are more common in countries with poor access to medical care. Based on our literature search, our patients represent the first two reported adult cases of scrotal ECFs in the United States. 

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p12-16 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.003
Mini Review Open Access

Gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type – An updated histo- and molecular pathological summary

Francesca Spada, Thomas FE Barth, Peter Möller, Stephanie Weißinger

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma (gMZBL) is the most frequent type of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). The histology of gMZBL shows typical small cell morphology, however, there also exists a large cell variant.

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p17-21 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.004
Mini Review Open Access

Ischemic colitis as a cause of severe hematochezia: A mini review

Usah Khrucharoen, Dennis M. Jensen

Ischemic colitis (IC) is a common cause of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in the elderly. There are very few studies of patients with IC as a cause of severe LGIB in the literature. This article aims to review diagnosis, colonoscopic findings, medical treatment, and outcomes of patients with IC as a cause of severe hematochezia.

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p22-26 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.005
Clinical Image Open Access

Tubercular appendicitis

Bhumika, Rajaram Sharma, Tapendra Nath Tiwari, Saurabh Goyal

Tuberculosis of the appendix is a rare finding despite the high frequency of intestinal tuberculosis. Even in areas where tuberculosis is common, it is difficult to make the right diagnosis because of the clinical picture mimicking acute appendicitis, when there are no definitive signs of any system infected with tuberculosis [1].

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p35-36 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.007
Review Article Open Access

Genetic mutations in the molecular pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Deepak Saravanan, Monisha Mohan

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors which predominantly originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestinal lining. Around ~85% of malignant GISTs possess activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or PDGFRA. The driver mutations in genes other than KIT or PDGFRA account for around 15% GISTs and belong to highly heterogeneous groups called wild-type GISTs. Around 20–40% of WT-GISTS are deficient for the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD). 

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p37-44 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.008
Mini Review Open Access

A mini-review of the associations between hypertension and risk of gallstone disease

Xin Wang, Fulan Hu, Yanmei Lou, Jing Xia, Wenqian Yu, Min Zhang, Fengju Song, Qi Chen, Feng Rui, Chi Zhang, Ping Cui, Lingxi Kong, Pei Zhu, Guangcan Li, Min Mao, Xuefeng Shan

A series of studies suggested that hypertension is significantly associated with the risk of gallstone disease (GSD). However, due to differences in study design, population stratification, sample size, and diagnostic criteria for GSD, the results of each study are inconsistent, limiting the strength and application of these pieces of evidence. 

J Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 2022, Volume 1, Issue 1, p45-52 | DOI: 10.46439/gastro.1.009
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Introduction: Traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms (TICAs) and penetrating cerebrovascular injuries (PCVI) complicate gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) and other forms of penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). Recent developments in neuroimaging have allowed early detection of these lesions in the minutes and hours following the initial injury. CT angiography (CTA) and digitally subtracted angiography (DSA) have different sensitivity, periprocedural risks, and logistical limitations. Growing evidence is defining their role in clinical practice.

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Liver masses account for 5 to 6% of pediatric cancer, which includes hepatoblastoma (HBL) along with rare cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most dangerous form of pediatric liver cancer is aggressive HBL, which can be characterized by chemo-resistance and multiple nodules or metastases at diagnosis, all correlating with worse clinical prognosis. Despite intensive studies and a significant improvement in overall outcomes, very little is known about the key molecular pathways which determine the aggressiveness of pediatric liver cancer.

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Hypertension and comorbidities: A silent threat to global health

Worldwide, hypertension is a substantial cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death. In the past few decades, global mean blood pressure has been somewhat stable and decreased due to the advancement and utilization of antihypertensive medications [1]. According to the Sept. 2023 WHO report, Hypertension affects 1 in 3 adults worldwide, among which 4 out of every 5 people are not effectively treated. 

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Diabetes is a complex, multi-symptomatic disease whose complications drives increases in healthcare costs as the diabetes prevalence grows rapidly world-wide. Real-world electronic health records (EHRs) coupled with patient biospecimens, biological understanding, and technologies can characterize emerging diagnostic autoimmune markers resulting from proteomic discoveries.

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The case study describes a rare and maybe fatal consequence of coronary stent infection (CSI), with an emphasis on the rise in occurrence over the last decade [1]. In order to enhance patient outcomes, the authors stress the need for early recognition and proper medical and surgical management. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious global health concern, with an estimated 126 million people worldwide suffering from it. In addition, CAD caused millions of fatalities in 2017 [2].

A comprehensive review of enteric duplication cysts, their pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment

Enteric duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract that can be found anywhere along the entire alimentary canal. Duplication cysts share a muscular layer with the adjacent bowel and contain their own mucosal lining which may be that of any part of the alimentary tract. 

A rarely reported surgical problem: spontaneous scrotal enterocutaneous fistula

Spontaneous scrotal enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) are rare. They are more common in countries with poor access to medical care. Based on our literature search, our patients represent the first two reported adult cases of scrotal ECFs in the United States. 

Gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type – An updated histo- and molecular pathological summary

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma (gMZBL) is the most frequent type of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). The histology of gMZBL shows typical small cell morphology, however, there also exists a large cell variant.

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Ischemic colitis as a cause of severe hematochezia: A mini review

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Tuberculosis of the appendix is a rare finding despite the high frequency of intestinal tuberculosis. Even in areas where tuberculosis is common, it is difficult to make the right diagnosis because of the clinical picture mimicking acute appendicitis, when there are no definitive signs of any system infected with tuberculosis [1].

Genetic mutations in the molecular pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors which predominantly originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestinal lining. Around ~85% of malignant GISTs possess activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or PDGFRA. The driver mutations in genes other than KIT or PDGFRA account for around 15% GISTs and belong to highly heterogeneous groups called wild-type GISTs. Around 20–40% of WT-GISTS are deficient for the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD). 

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A mini-review of the associations between hypertension and risk of gallstone disease

A series of studies suggested that hypertension is significantly associated with the risk of gallstone disease (GSD). However, due to differences in study design, population stratification, sample size, and diagnostic criteria for GSD, the results of each study are inconsistent, limiting the strength and application of these pieces of evidence. 

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The role of MRI in detecting and characterizing brain metastases from breast cancer

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