Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Commentary Open Access

Integrative strategies combining oncolytic adenovirus, anti-PD-1, and chemotherapy in a 3D TNBC model

Mariangela Garofalo, Lukasz Kuryk

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant subtypes of breast cancer and is characterized by a lack of expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2, making targeted therapies ineffective [1,2]. The limited treatment options for TNBC primarily rely on chemotherapy, and while the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, has shown promise in other cancers, the response in TNBC has been modest [3,4]. This publication by Kuryk et al. 

J Cell Mol Immunol, 2026, Volume 5, Issue 1, p7-9 | DOI: 10.46439/immunol.5.042