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Journal of Cancer Biology
ISSN: 2692-7896
Kartoosh Heydari
Director, Flow Cytometry Core Facility Cancer Research Laboratory
University of California, USA
Featured Article
Cyclin A2 and Ki-67 proliferation markers could be used to identify tumors with poor prognosis in African American women with breast cancer
Featured Article
PAK1 and PAK4 as therapeutic targets for Ewing sarcoma: a commentary
Featured Article
Breaking malignant nuclei as a non-mitotic mechanism of taxol/paclitaxel
About this Journal
Journal of Cancer Biology is an international peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary journal publishing high quality papers by biomedical researchers across the globe in the field of cancer science, but not limited to, cancer biology, clinical cancer research, and cancer prevention. The journal publishes original articles and editorials, letters to the editor, review articles, case reports and short communication describing research and perspectives relevant to cancer researchers.
Articles
Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways has revolutionized cancer treatment with significantly improved outcomes across a spectrum of cancers [1,2]. Although ICI therapy offers significant clinical benefits, these treatments can also lead to various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that may negatively impact patient outcomes. Although the precise mechanism of irAE is not fully understood, they demonstrate many clinical features similar to autoimmune diseases. IRAEs are thought to result from bystander effects of activated T-cells, cross-reactivity between tumor and host tissues, and the role of the gut microbiome in immune activation [3].
Advances in glyconanotechnology based biomedical applications
There is an emerging awareness in cancer biology that glycobiology plays a significant, if not decisive role in oncogenesis, tumor survival, and proliferation. The human glycome is even more complex than the human genome, because glycans are synthesized as secondary gene products by sequentially acting glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. Glycans act as a communication system within the organism and between different organisms.
Mechanisms of cancer cell rescue against pancreatic cancer therapeutics: Intrinsic and acquired resistance
Pancreatic Cancer (PC) with dismal prognosis poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. PC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally and is projected to surpass lung cancer as the second foremost cause by 2030. The poor prognosis associated with PC is primarily due to the low rate of early detection, rapid progression, and limited treatment options. Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment for PC in all stages of disease.
PAK1 and PAK4 as therapeutic targets for Ewing sarcoma: a commentary
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive pediatric bone tumor that is prone to metastasis. Due to low five-year survival rates and limited therapeutic options for metastatic disease, there is a dire clinical need for improved ES treatments. Targeting p21-activated kinases (PAKs) may be key. PAK1 and PAK4 are associated with aggressive ES and poor patient outcomes, although their molecular mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized in this disease.
Breaking malignant nuclei as a non-mitotic mechanism of taxol/paclitaxel
Discovered in a large-scale screening of natural plant chemicals, Taxol/paclitaxel and the taxane family of compounds are surprisingly successful anti-cancer drugs, used in treatment of the majority of solid tumors, and especially suitable for metastatic and recurrent cancer. Paclitaxel is often used in combination with platinum agents and is administrated in a dose dense regimen to treat recurrent cancer.
Immuno-oncologic care during COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities for improving clinical care and investigation
Cancer care has been greatly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of cases and deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate throughout the United States and the world. Worldwide, over 150 million people have been diagnosed with the coronavirus and more than 3 million have died.
Chromatin dynamics: Nucleosome occupancy and sensitivity as determinants of gene expression and cell fate
The nucleosome, consisting of ~150bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer, is a regulator of nuclear events that contributes to gene expression and cell fate. Nucleosome organization at promoters and their associated remodeling events are important regulators of access to the genome. Occupancy alone, however, is not the only nucleosomal characteristic that plays a role in genome regulation. Nucleosomes at the transcription start sites (TSSs) of genes show differential sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) and this differential sensitivity is linked to transcription and regulatory factor binding events.
Challenges in the humanized mouse model for cancer: A commentary
The complexity of the tumor microenvironment has been a challenge for understanding the mechanisms of therapy resistance. The development of improved animal models that closely mimic human disease is key for understanding and treating diseases. Recently, a new humanized mouse model has been developed that enables the study of human immune cells in tumor host-cell interactions
Changing the landscape of non-small cell lung cancer disparities
In the United States, lung and bronchus cancers are the second most common types of cancer and are responsible for the largest number of deaths from cancer, with African Americans suffering disproportionately from lung and bronchus cancers. This disparity likely results from a complex interplay among social, psycho-social, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and biological determinants of health.
Precision medicine and immunotherapy advances transforming colorectal cancer treatment
New stool DNA panels and blood-based assays offer non-invasive options for early CRC detection, though require further validation. Immuno- and targeted therapies matched to tumor molecular profiles have transformed metastatic CRC treatment. Pembrolizumab elicits durable responses in mismatch repair-deficient tumors, and anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab/panitumumab improve outcomes for left-sided RAS/RAF wild-type CRC. Larotrectinib and entrectinib are highly active in NTRK fusion-positive CRC. Research focusing on new immunotherapies, leveraging the microbiome, and combining multi-omics data to enable precision medicine holds promise. Disparities across groups remain a challenge.
Cyclin A2 and Ki-67 proliferation markers could be used to identify tumors with poor prognosis in African American women with breast cancer
Eight protein biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2, Cyclin A2, Cytokeratin 5, Vimentin, Bcl2, and Ki-67) were evaluated using tissue microarrays (TMAs) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC results from TMAs were analyzed by both supervised and unsupervised clustering methods. The predictive clusters for the supervised and unsupervised methods were compared for agreement with the empirical classification. Kappa values were used to determine the overall percent correct clusters and agreement between specific clusters.
Tumor biomarkers from discovery to clinical practice
A tumor marker is a chemical that acts as a tumor indication. Tumor biomarkers are undefined in origin, but they indicate the existence of a certain tumor. The detection of a specific tumor is aided by an increase or decrease in the concentration of marker concentrations. Gene expression arrays, proteomic technologies, and high-throughput sequencing are some of the current methods for detecting cancer.
Breaking malignant nuclei as a non-mitotic mechanism of taxol/paclitaxel
Discovered in a large-scale screening of natural plant chemicals, Taxol/paclitaxel and the taxane family of compounds are surprisingly successful anti-cancer drugs, used in treatment of the majority of solid tumors, and especially suitable for metastatic and recurrent cancer. Paclitaxel is often used in combination with platinum agents and is administrated in a dose dense regimen to treat recurrent cancer.
Immuno-oncologic care during COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities for improving clinical care and investigation
Cancer care has been greatly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of cases and deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate throughout the United States and the world. Worldwide, over 150 million people have been diagnosed with the coronavirus and more than 3 million have died.
Can electronic-cigarette vaping cause cancer?
The relative safety of E-cigarette (E-cig) has been an emerging topic in the public domain as well as the medical and scientific communities as vaping associated health problems arose. While there were significant amounts of intelligent discussions and opinions on the benefits and deleterious effects of E-cig vaping, there is a lack of solid evidence of the fundamental biochemical and biological effects of E-cig aerosol and nicotine.
Precision medicine and immunotherapy advances transforming colorectal cancer treatment
New stool DNA panels and blood-based assays offer non-invasive options for early CRC detection, though require further validation. Immuno- and targeted therapies matched to tumor molecular profiles have transformed metastatic CRC treatment. Pembrolizumab elicits durable responses in mismatch repair-deficient tumors, and anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab/panitumumab improve outcomes for left-sided RAS/RAF wild-type CRC. Larotrectinib and entrectinib are highly active in NTRK fusion-positive CRC. Research focusing on new immunotherapies, leveraging the microbiome, and combining multi-omics data to enable precision medicine holds promise. Disparities across groups remain a challenge.
Tumor biomarkers from discovery to clinical practice
A tumor marker is a chemical that acts as a tumor indication. Tumor biomarkers are undefined in origin, but they indicate the existence of a certain tumor. The detection of a specific tumor is aided by an increase or decrease in the concentration of marker concentrations. Gene expression arrays, proteomic technologies, and high-throughput sequencing are some of the current methods for detecting cancer.
Breaking malignant nuclei as a non-mitotic mechanism of taxol/paclitaxel
Discovered in a large-scale screening of natural plant chemicals, Taxol/paclitaxel and the taxane family of compounds are surprisingly successful anti-cancer drugs, used in treatment of the majority of solid tumors, and especially suitable for metastatic and recurrent cancer. Paclitaxel is often used in combination with platinum agents and is administrated in a dose dense regimen to treat recurrent cancer.
Immuno-oncologic care during COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities for improving clinical care and investigation
Cancer care has been greatly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of cases and deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate throughout the United States and the world. Worldwide, over 150 million people have been diagnosed with the coronavirus and more than 3 million have died.
Can electronic-cigarette vaping cause cancer?
The relative safety of E-cigarette (E-cig) has been an emerging topic in the public domain as well as the medical and scientific communities as vaping associated health problems arose. While there were significant amounts of intelligent discussions and opinions on the benefits and deleterious effects of E-cig vaping, there is a lack of solid evidence of the fundamental biochemical and biological effects of E-cig aerosol and nicotine.
Chromatin dynamics: Nucleosome occupancy and sensitivity as determinants of gene expression and cell fate
The nucleosome, consisting of ~150bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer, is a regulator of nuclear events that contributes to gene expression and cell fate. Nucleosome organization at promoters and their associated remodeling events are important regulators of access to the genome. Occupancy alone, however, is not the only nucleosomal characteristic that plays a role in genome regulation. Nucleosomes at the transcription start sites (TSSs) of genes show differential sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) and this differential sensitivity is linked to transcription and regulatory factor binding events.