Articles

National studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) provide critical data for healthcare planning, yet methodological limitations continue to undermine their utility. This review examines recent epidemiological work, including the Greek nationwide analysis, to highlight three priority areas for refinement: diagnostic accuracy, survival methodology, and recognition of disease heterogeneity.

Over the past two decades, global rise in insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome has led to a corresponding increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Particularly, NAFLD represents the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation exceeding 5% in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medication use, or other established liver diseases such as viral hepatitis.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and nursing care of patients with prolonged open thoracostomy, and to evaluate the effectiveness of a short training program for nurses.

Yoghurt and cheeses are important rich food for the human, however they might be subjected to adulteration, which alter their quality. This study investigated the effect of milk adulteration on the processing properties of yoghurt and Sudanese white cheese and their chemical composition. Cheese and yoghurt were made from milk with known amounts of added water, penicillin, and ammonium chloride; separately. 

Brucellosis is a zoonosis in which hepatic involvement is common but usually mild. Acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are rarely attributed to brucellosis, and even more rarely to people living with HIV (PLWH).

Alkaptonuria is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine metabolism. It poses a significant anesthetic challenge due to systemic ochronosis, which is caused by the deposition of ochronotic pigments in connective tissues. We report the case of a 68-year-old male with alkaptonuria who required surgical fixation for a D11 fracture.

Trauma is a worldwide public health concern. Major trauma describes a serious injury often involving multiple organs. In the UK, the most common cause is a fall from less than 2 metres’ height, followed by road traffic accidents.

We are living in a time when technology is growing faster than ever before. The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), the Internet of Things (IoT), and strong mathematical methods are quickly changing how we create, use, and improve engineering and software systems. These advances are not just for scientists or engineers, they are shaping everyone’s lives, from better healthcare to safer cities.

All across the globe, plants are used for food and various ailments. In the Indian traditional medicinal system, Ayurveda, the use of plants has been mentioned during the surgical process as well as in post-operative care. The regular use of plants in the diet is a part of this ancient medicinal system, and today, globally, much emphasis is laid on ensuring the availability of a nutritious and healthy diet.

In sports and exercise medicine, the conversation around performance has matured. Once defined almost exclusively by physiological metrics—speed, endurance, strength—the field now acknowledges a broader truth: athletic excellence and mental well-being are inseparable.

Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD-1a) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. It commonly presents in infancy with fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and metabolic disturbances.

We discuss why and how physics is an essential component of the human figure and the education of the doctor and surgeon, as a practitioner and as a man of science. An adequate general culture, and attention to historical and methodological dimensions, are the essential resources.

The first issue of Cell Signaling in 2025 provides an interdisciplinary overview of cellular communication, covering topics ranging from neuronal and metabolic regulation to immune evolution and regenerative processes. The studies featured in this volume collectively demonstrate how signaling pathways govern the delicate, finely tuned balance between adaptation and dysfunction, and how their manipulation continues to inspire biotechnological and therapeutic innovation.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common operating emergencies encountered worldwide, with a lifetime risk of 7–8%. While an appendectomy—the aggressive surgical removal of the inflamed appendix—is the standard therapy, the clinical pattern can be greatly altered based on how severe the appendicitis is.

GEMIN5 is a modular RNA-binding protein responsible for the recognition of snRNAs through its WD40 domain placed at the N-terminus. A dimerization module at the central region of the protein acts as a hub for protein-protein interaction, and a non-canonical RNA-binding domain is placed towards the C-terminus. Recent studies reported loss of function Gemin5 biallelic variants which develop cerebellar ataxia, hypotonia and neurodevelopmental delay, indicating that GEMIN5 deficiency is detrimental for survival.

Background: Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare mitochondrial DNA deletion disorder presenting before the age of 20 years, characterized by progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, and systemic manifestations including cardiac, endocrine, and neurological features. Early recognition remains challenging due to its heterogeneous and evolving phenotype.

AI and IoT bring a plethora of advantages to the agricultural domain. AI, with its capability for advanced data analysis, can aid in crop disease prediction, soil health monitoring, and yield forecasting. 

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital narrowing of the thoracic aorta, most often at the isthmus near the ductus arteriosus. It accounts for 5–8% of congenital heart defects and can present at any age. While early diagnosis in infancy is ideal, delayed presentations in adolescence or adulthood remain significant.

Societal crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have far-reaching consequences for children’s development. This commentary builds upon the timely and important contribution of our study on the social competence of 5-year-olds during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a perspective on how societal crises shape early childhood development. 

Salt (sodium chloride) and A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) have both been implicated in blood pressure regulation. While high salt consumption raises blood pressure, A2AR is a key mediator of coronary vasodilation. Although a sodium ion binding pocket has been identified in A2AR, the physiological link between salt and A2AR remains poorly investigated. Hereby, we explored how salt modulates its expression and function in vitro.