Articles

Introduction: Global agriculture faces substantial yield losses and environmental degradation caused by a heavy dependence on synthetic pesticides. As a sustainable alternative, the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) produces bioactive compounds, such as azadirachtin, which function as natural insecticides. This study evaluates the efficacy of Neem extract sourced from Asmara, Eritrea, as a biological control against termites and organic fertilizer. 

Modern urban environments are increasingly disconnected from human evolutionary biology, contributing to a dementia cliff where rising rates of cognitive decline threaten global healthcare sustainability. This commentary argues that Protected Areas (PAs) are not merely recreational spaces but essential neurological infrastructure. Physical exercise triggers the release of the myokine Irisin, which crosses the blood-brain barrier to stimulate Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus.

Placebo-controlled randomized trials are widely regarded as the gold standard in clinical research. However, their routine application in infant vaccine studies has not been systematically re-evaluated
in light of advances in immunology, trial design, and ethical frameworks. Infants lack the cognitive capacity required for classical placebo effects, and primary vaccine endpoints—such as immunogenicity, laboratory-confirmed infection, and severe disease—are inherently objective and biologically determined.

Health and Safety (H&S) regulation has been one of the most successful public health interventions of the twentieth century, dramatically reducing fatal workplace injuries in high-income countries. However, while H&S has been effective in preventing death and acute injury, it has been far less effective in addressing the dominant occupational health problem of the contemporary workforce: work-related disability.

The methodology employed in this study demonstrates coherence through its integrative approach. Numerous reviews have thoroughly documented the impacts of various environmental stresses on plant physiology and morphology.

Metal neurotransmitter interaction has well expanded role due to their direct relation with neurodegenerative diseases. Among this copper dopamine coupling is well studied because of the biochemical and redox interplay between copper ions and dopamine, where copper regulates dopamine metabolism while dopamine can chelate and redox-cycle copper. 

Rheumatology stands out as a unique specialty filled with possibilities for digital innovation. A recent review entitled” Exploring digital health technology in rheumatology: a scoping review on benefits, challenges, and future possibilities”was the first of its kind to collectively explore digital tools being utilized specifically in rheumatology within the last 10 years.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mental disorders represent two of the most prevalent causes of global disability, contributing significantly to the escalating economic burden and high mortality rates worldwide [1–6]. Physical activity (PA) has emerged as a critical non-pharmacological intervention with a profound positive impact on both domains. 

The recent identification of DEVIL/ROTUNDIFOLIA-like (SiDVL/RTFL) peptides from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) as negative regulators of auxin signaling has provided important insights into how small peptides orchestrate root development.

Skin repair depends on balanced inflammation, oxidative control, and growth-factor signaling. Disruption of these events delays healing and leads to chronic wounds. Nigella sativa (black seed) contains bioactive compounds such as thymoquinone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but its integrated effect on dermal repair remains unclear.

To maintain identity and epigenetic balance, a cell relies on robust transcriptional programs regulated both by transcription factors and by dynamic chromatin states. These states, which enable or restrict gene expression and genome function, are shaped by the incorporation of histone variants into nucleosomes and their post-translational modifications.

We have previously described the generation of Metal Organic Biohybrids (MOBs) as self-assembling structures that are formed by a combination of a biological component (amino acid), and a metal, such as copper. This MOBs synthesis process has now been distilled to be purely biochemical (a green chemistry process), or abiotic, not requiring the presence of cells. 

Purpose: To present a challenging case of tubercular uveitis in an asymptomatic patient, featuring unilateral occlusive vasculitis with a frosted branch angiitis phenotype and bilateral serpiginous-like choroiditis.
Methods: Case report with clinical photography.

Snail embryos are textbook exemplars of autonomous cellular decision-making: in their spiral cleavage nearly every early cell division is asymmetric and oriented, creating a stereotyped and elaborate early pattern of fate-restricted cells (Figure 1A) reminiscent of the preformationist ‘homunculus’ fantasy. 

Pancreatic cancer, predominantly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remains one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive tumor biology, and profound resistance to conventional therapies. Despite advances in surgical techniques and combination chemotherapy regimens such as FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-based therapies, survival outcomes remain poor, with five-year survival rates barely exceeding 10%. 

We compare the selected characteristics and physical parameters of two types of systems capable of intelligent behavior: biological brains and semiconductor computing systems. We analyze their limitations and potential for further development. We then reflect on the creative thinking and capabilities of both approaches and present a cybernetic perspective on brain function and the hypothesis of consciousness in the brain.

Background: Traumatic cardiac arrest during prolonged extrication presents significant physiologic challenges. While prehospital care traditionally relies on emergency medical services personnel, select systems deploy hospital-based teams capable of delivering advanced anesthetic and resuscitative interventions at the scene. 

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous, multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis in genetically predisposed individuals. It can involve multiple organ systems, but hepatic involvement is rare. 

Approximately 35 million women worldwide have silicone breast implants. Like all medical devices, breast implants are not lifelong, and all will eventually need to be removed, with or without replacement. In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) updated its guidance on breast implant surveillance to include HRUS screening for silent rupture. 

The evolutionary origin of mitochondria remains a challenging problem, closely linked to the emergence of eukaryotic cells, a process known as eukaryogenesis. Regardless of how primordial mitochondria truly evolved, mitochondria have traditionally been viewed as bioenergetic organelles with primary functions of ATP production and metabolic support. They are classically known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cells. In aging biology, this view has often been paired with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative imbalance and stress.