Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is highly virulent and can be transmitted via respiratory droplets and close contact. Recent studies suggest that although viral load could be a poor predictor of disease, the concentration of the virus in the respiratory tract may be linked to contagiousness when coupled with significant co-variables factors such as nasal discharge and cough, hence impacting transmission. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of using agents with antiviral properties administered intranasally as a novel strategy for decreasing the viral activity in the nasal pathway, preventing disease transmission which might impact the disease severity and possibly limit the complications. Medications were evaluated for their antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. Various compounds with virucidal activities are highlighted in this review including xylitol and grapefruit seed extract, povidone-iodine, intranasal corticosteroids, hydrogen peroxide, chlorpheniramine, hypertonic and saline. The safety and effectiveness of these potential agents when used via intranasal routes in humans, and the clinical implications of using intranasal therapy in medical practice are discussed.
Keywords
Intranasal Therapy, Xylitol, Grapefruit Seed Extract, Povidone-Iodine, Chlorpheniramine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19