The term “non-toxic” is widely used in consumer product labeling despite the absence of a formal scientific or regulatory definition. Contemporary toxicology recognizes that adverse biological effects depend on dose, duration of exposure, route of entry, genetic variability, and underlying molecular mechanisms. This review critically examines the scientific limitations of the term “non-toxic,” with particular emphasis on chronic toxicity, genotoxic mechanisms, and carcinogenic processes. Evaluation of toxicological principles and regulatory practices indicates that the term is incompatible with current scientific understanding and may undermine accurate risk communication.

Toxicology, Dose–response assessment, Genotoxicity, Carcinogenesis, Chemical risk, Consumer labeling