Abstract
The emergence of new coronaviruses poses a significant global health threat, as witnessed during recent outbreaks. Coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s, primarily causing mild respiratory illnesses in humans. The introduction of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, on the other hand, constituted a watershed moment. The outbreak began in China and swiftly spread to numerous nations, resulting in severe respiratory sickness and a global public health disaster. The SARS-CoV outbreak demonstrated coronaviruses' ability to cause severe illness and inspired substantial study into their origins and transmission patterns.
In 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged, causing another big coronavirus outbreak. MERS-CoV largely afflicted Arabian Peninsula nations and constituted a serious danger to global health security. The virus was traced back to dromedary camels, which served as a zoonotic reservoir, emphasizing the significance of knowing the animal-human interaction in viral spillover occurrences.
Most recently, the globe has been dealing with the continuing COVID-19 epidemic triggered by SARS-CoV-2. The advent of this new coronavirus in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, resulted in a fast worldwide spread and extraordinary health, societal, and economic consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preparedness and response capacities in the face of new coronaviruses.
This manuscript examines the processes that contribute to the formation of these viruses, discusses their ramifications, and suggests mitigating techniques. Addressing the mechanisms that contribute to the generation of novel coronaviruses necessitates a multifaceted approach. We can successfully avoid and respond to future viral risks by understanding and managing zoonotic reservoirs, environmental changes, global connectedness, genetic diversity, animal commerce, and climate change. Proactive initiatives, interprofessional collaboration, and public participation are critical for global health security.
Keywords
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, Mitigation, Surveillance