Archives of Clinical Toxicology

Topiramate is an increasingly popular medication used in the treatment of migraines, seizures, and other neurologic disorders. Its several mechanisms of action include enhancement of postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor activity (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) and mild inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. 

Participating in physical activity and exercise has significant benefits, including treating, preventing, and reducing risk factors for chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and osteoarthritis. Physical activity can also positively play a role in palliative care among individuals with terminal diseases. 

CNS myelination is a well-known biological phenomenon related to increase in action potential conduction speed and synaptic integration. Demyelination or abnormal myelination has been related to seizures and epilepsy either in patients or animal models. Although its role in fastening action potential propagation has been confirmed, few additional biological functions of CNS myelin has been described.

A close and contemplative look at the published neurology literature makes it clear to the reader that epilepsy research possesses more popularity and occupies a higher position in the plethora of scholarly medical writings. Perhaps the reason behind this is that epilepsy nowadays has become more than just transient seizures that are treated with drugs to put an end to seizure recurrence, but rather it is a disease that permeates all aspects of the patient’s life.

Gliocentric paradigms showcase functional association of neurons with astrocytes, as in tripartite glutamatergic synapses. Astrocytes, activated by Glu:3Na(+) symport apply GABAergic inhibitory feedback on synaptic excitation via GABA efflux by GAT-3 reversal and subsequent GABAA activation (astrocytic Glu/GABA exchange [1-3]).