U.S. health care spending grew 4.6 percent in 2018, reaching $3.6 trillion or $11,172 per person. For comparison, Switzerland the country with the second highest healthcare expenditure in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) spent $7,280 per person.

The study by Younas and Maddigan [1] Proposing a policy framework for nursing education for fostering compassion in nursing students: A critical review, focused on the cultivation of the quality of compassion in nursing students. While these authors conducted a credible literature review that led to a conclusion that nurse educators should use a range of approaches to teaching students’ compassion, they did not articulate what those approaches could be.

Unresolved inflammatory processes contribute to impaired healing in diabetic wounds, with increasing evidence implicating persistent pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization as a driver of chronic inflammation and delayed wound closure. Previous investigations aimed to uncover the role of regulatory RNAs in macrophage polarization and to understand how aberrant expression patterns contribute to wound healing impairment, with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets for promoting normal wound healing progression. In the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Hu et al. reveal a role of the tumor suppressor, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5), in regulating macrophage polarization.

The craniovertebral junction is unique and the most complex of the axial skeleton in multiple aspects; embryology, anatomy, pathology and kinematics. A surgical physiological approach to management of its abnormalities was instituted at the University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics (UIHC) in 1977 and has been the accepted treatment algorithm worldwide.

Photovoltaic fields are deployed in multiple collector rows on horizontal and on sloped planes, therefore the second (and subsequent rows) sees the sky dome with a smaller angle than the first (front) row. A relatively large number of diffuse radiation models have been proposed based on isotropic and anisotropic models. The anisotropic models include circumsolar radiation and horizon brightening, and refer to single rows of collectors. The present article modifies the anisotropic models by two factors: (a) Sky view factor of a second row, depending on the collector and field parameters, (b) Modification to circumsolar brightening.