Gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure is routinely utilized for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal abnormalities. The optimal positioning for this procedure is to offer the best operative access while minimizing potential risk to the patient. Changing the patient's position could improve the probabilities of successful endoscopy. However, each position carries some degrees of risk and this is applied in each procedure. Commonly approved positions include lateral, prone and supine. This article addresses the common patient positions used for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors which predominantly originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestinal lining. Around ~85% of malignant GISTs possess activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or PDGFRA. The driver mutations in genes other than KIT or PDGFRA account for around 15% GISTs and belong to highly heterogeneous groups called wild-type GISTs. Around 20–40% of WT-GISTS are deficient for the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD). 

Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (p-FGID) comprise one of the most common chronic conditions impacting global health. Conceptualized as gut-brain communication disorders, p-FGID are often exacerbated by and contribute to significant anxiety as well as functional impairment. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the gold standard psychosocial treatment for anxiety spectrum disorders. 

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is a well-established diagnostic tool to obtain tissue from solid pancreatic masses, gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions, lymph nodes, liver as well as other neighboring organs. EUS-TA has proven to have a major clinical impact in diagnosis and staging, decreasing the need for invasive diagnostic procedures, such as thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy, laparoscopy and open surgery.

Poultry is kept in backyards or commercial production systems in most areas of the world. Compared to a number of other livestock species, fewer social and religious taboos are related to the production, marketing, and consumption of poultry products. For these reasons, poultry products have become one of the most important protein sources for humans throughout the world.