Abstract
Purpose: Patients undergoing Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT) can develop late complications that limit their functioning and reduce their quality of life. This phase requires nursing-specific knowledge for care plans that can meet the patient’s real needs. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to compile the data available in the literature on late complications present in the follow-up of pediatric and adolescent patients after allo HSCT.
Methods: An integrative review following Cooper’s methodology and the PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out on PubMed, Scielo, and BIREME. All articles that described long-term complications on pediatric and adolescents allo HCT survivors were included.
Results: Of the 9,783 reviewed publications, 52 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent long-term complication mentioned was endocrine, followed by pulmonary, cardiovascular, ocular dysfunctions, and secondary neoplasias. Risk factors for late complications after allo HSCT are total body irradiation, chronic graft-versus-host disease, conditioning regimen, gender, donor type, previous therapy, and age at transplant.
Conclusions: With the increased survival, the number of patients living with late complications is growing too. The endocrine complications were the most frequent late complication identified in the studies and can impair quality of life, and demand increasing attention. This knowledge can support develop a tool for assessment and, based on that, creating an individualized care plan focused on the real needs of these patients.
Keywords
Bone marrow transplant, Allogeneic, Late complications, Integrative review