Proximal humerus fracture with simultaneous shoulder dislocation in children is a rare occurrence, with few reported cases. This systematic review of case reports aimed to document the outcomes of different treatment methods. A comprehensive literature search from 1980 to 2024 included case reports on traumatic shoulder fracture-dislocation in children. Eighteen studies were included, with a mean followup of 1.5 years. The cases comprised 7 boys and 11 girls, aged between 11 months and 16 years (median 6 years). The cases were divided into two groups based on epiphysealinvolvement.

Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease and osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) have a high incidence in the elderly population, mostly involving female sex in the postmenopausal status. They are usually treated conservatively with a bed rest period, pain control with analgesics, bracing, bisphosphonates and early rehabilitation. Nevertheless, this kind of treatment can fail with persistent pain, collapse, pseudoarthrosis, kyphotic deformity and neurologic impairment.

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by low bone mass and altered bone microarchitecture, resulting in decreased bone strength with an increased risk of fractures. It has been well documented that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides an accurate estimate of BMD because as T-scores decrease, the relative risk for fracture increases.

Alkaptonuria is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine metabolism. It poses a significant anesthetic challenge due to systemic ochronosis, which is caused by the deposition of ochronotic pigments in connective tissues. We report the case of a 68-year-old male with alkaptonuria who required surgical fixation for a D11 fracture.