As the soft tissue- air interface is virtually impenetrable to ultrasound, its utility for evaluating lung pathologies was historically thought to be unfeasible [1]. However, the observation of different artifacts and novel research into their interpretations has helped transform this dogma and develop lung ultrasound as a valuable diagnostic tool in pulmonary diseases.

Introduction: Traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms (TICAs) and penetrating cerebrovascular injuries (PCVI) complicate gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) and other forms of penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). Recent developments in neuroimaging have allowed early detection of these lesions in the minutes and hours following the initial injury. CT angiography (CTA) and digitally subtracted angiography (DSA) have different sensitivity, periprocedural risks, and logistical limitations. Growing evidence is defining their role in clinical practice.

The identification of calcified sclero-choroidal choristomas (CaSCCs) in patients with mosaic RASopathies introduces a new dimension to understanding ocular manifestations in these genetic disorders.

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, characterised by the intra-lysosomal accumulation of cystine. Cystinosis results from a defect in the CTNS protein, a lysosomal transport protein for cystine. There are three subtypes of cystinosis: infantile nephropathic cystinosis, juvenile nephropathic cystinosis and ocular non-nephropathic cystinosis.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm manifested by anemia, hypercalcemia, impairment of renal function and bone destruction. It is now the second most common malignancy in hematology.