Influenza infection remains a serious health problem throughout the world. Unfortunately, current medicine offers no real treatment or protection, moving our attention to alternative options. In this study we aimed to evaluate the possible effects of a combination of glucan and vitamin C on immunosuppression caused by influenza infection.

It may seem irony that nutrition science historically pertained mostly to undernutrition and deficiency syndromes [1] but nowadays prevention, control and treatment of overnutrition, manifested as overweight and obesity, has become the main task of most nutritionists and related professionals [2]. 

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is one of the leading causes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the world. Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is widely used in DKD, but many patients still progressed to ESRD, and progress in the treatment of DKD is limited in recent years, thus more effective ways to prevent or treat DKD are necessary. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce the imbalance between the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increasing evidences indicated oxidative stress acts as a crucial role in the initiation and progression of DKD. It is suggested that the restoration of the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense may be a hopeful drug target to prevent or treat DKD. Our meta-analysis showed that the antioxidant vitamins can benefit kidney function and systolic blood pressure in patients with diabetes and albuminuria.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) or Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). DN is observed in approximately 20–40% of diabetic patients. DN is also an important risk factor for DM patient’s death. Nowadays, DN has become the leading cause of chronic renal failure (CRF) in most countries without effective therapeutic methods. Recently, the renoprotective effects mediated by vitamin D have been evidenced. Currently available evidence showed that vitamin D is effective in reducing proteinuria in DN patients. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated the therapeutic effect of vitamin D, on urinary albumin excretion, in DN patients. This review summarized the multiple roles of vitamin D in mechanism of renopretective effect of vitamin D to explore much more and effective therapeutic methods for DN.

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke representing approximately 85% of all stroke cases. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury significantly exacerbates neuronal damage through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).