The incorporation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is essential for assessing whether a cancer treatment enhances overall patient well-being, beyond merely extending survival. This scoping review aimed to identify and analyze the use of PROs in ovarian cancer clinical trials.

Renal anemia is a major complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is a problem that has yet to be overcome. This problem had been improved by the recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), but some patients are relatively resistant to it and require higher doses, which is associated with increased adverse outcomes and mortality. Furthermore, the consequence of higher demand for rhEPO to achieve target Hb level is costly. Some factors can be considered as the reasons of rhEPO resistance; blood loss, impaired hematopoiesis and inadequate dialysis. Moreover, there is a hypothesis that enhancement of the immune system activity in CKD patients is one of the important causes of resistance to EPO, and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs like pentoxifylline (PTX) may be useful as a methylxanthine derivate used for the management of chronic peripheral arterial disease that increases the blood flow to the microcirculation because of its potent hemorheological properties, which include preservation of the erythrocyte water and cation content and enhanced tissue oxygenation.

In early 2020, the contagious and deadly virus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified. The virus spread rapidly worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March of 2020 [1]. While many who became infected remained asymptomatic, an alarming number of infected individuals developed severe symptoms, often requiring hospitalization and intensive care, or resulting in death.