Few studies have been conducted on the relationship between “outside-residing” resilience characteristics and the risk of developing drug use disorder later in life. These characteristics include responsive and caring parenting, household routines involving regular family meals and bedtime routines, social support from peers, participation in organized activities, and religious service attendance.

It has long been clear that cigarette smoking is causally linked to many diseases, particularly lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various forms of cardiovascular disease. For lung cancer, for example, a meta-analysis my colleagues and I conducted, based on epidemiological evidence published in the 1900s [1], estimated that current smoker/never smoker relative risks, were around 10 in North America

Background: Maternal hemorrhage represents the most prevalent complication and primary cause of mortality during childbirth. Extensive studies have elucidated noteworthy correlations between ABO blood type and cardiovascular disease risk in both genders. Notably, individuals with blood type O exhibit a substantial variation in the formation of the platelet plug on vascular lesions, accompanied by a reduction in von Willebrand factor.

A series of studies suggested that hypertension is significantly associated with the risk of gallstone disease (GSD). However, due to differences in study design, population stratification, sample size, and diagnostic criteria for GSD, the results of each study are inconsistent, limiting the strength and application of these pieces of evidence. 

Chemotherapy?induced neutropenia (CIN) can cause life-threatening complications such as febrile neutropenia (FN) or other infections. Patients who develop FN often require prolonged hospitalizations and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics.