The world is witnessing a rapid demographic shift towards an aging population. People are living longer due to advances in education, technology, medicine, food distribution, and sanitary conditions. According to the 2011 census data, Nepal had a total of 2,154,003 elderly 60 years and above which accounts for 8.1 percent of the total population of Nepal.

A strong intergenerational divide in voting behaviour has become a frequently reported stylized fact in post-referendum analyses, raising the question of whether myopia of elderly voters is a cause for concern in ageing societies. However, identifying the origins of a generation gap is empirically challenging because age and birth cohort are collinear at any given point in time. Building on a previous study, we summarize how this problem can be overcome. We discuss an unconstrained rank regression approach that allows estimating the causal ageing effect on political attitudes conditional on arbitrary cohort effects in a flexible manner.

Let us talk about a demographic shift that is affecting the modern world. Not only do we observe a rapid population expansion, but also a considerable change in its structure. In the last few decades, the prevalence of low birth rates and higher life expectancy have altered the demographic structure of the population to one that is much older, a phenomenon dramatically changing the shape of the EU age pyramid and making it top-heavy.

“An old man – what does he have in his life? He wakes up in the morning, and the morning does not get up in him. He shuffles to the kitchen and there, the lukewarm water will remind him that at his age … at his age...” [1]. These words by poet David Avidan illustrate the fear that accompanies aging – a fear of loneliness, which is the most prominent foe with which elderly people worldwide must contend. 

This study aimed to investigate and identify the correlates of job satisfaction of large-scale industry employees. We randomly selected 299 employees from an oilfield in the East of China and administered a questionnaire survey. We found that when other variables controlled for, the conflict with leaders and the discontent with management was negatively related to job satisfaction, and conflict with colleagues was positively associated with job satisfaction. On the other hand, the workload was not an important influencing factor.