Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological process essential for protecting the body from harmful stimuli. However, dysregulated or chronic inflammation can contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (A5-LOX), xanthine oxidase, and hyaluronidase, play key roles in the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation. A5-LOX catalyzes the production of leukotrienes, potent mediators of immune cell recruitment and activation, which are implicated in allergic and inflammatory responses. Xanthine oxidase contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation through the generation of reactive oxygen species during purine metabolism, and its inhibition offers therapeutic potential for diseases like gout. Hyaluronidase, by degrading hyaluronic acid, disrupts the extracellular matrix, leading to increased tissue permeability and exacerbating inflammation, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. This review examines the roles of these enzymes in inflammatory diseases and explores their potential as therapeutic targets. Inhibition of A5-LOX, xanthine oxidase and hyaluronidase present promising strategies for managing chronic inflammatory diseases, with ongoing research focused on developing more selective and effective enzyme inhibitors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these enzymes may lead to novel, more precise treatments for inflammatory diseases, improving patient outcomes.
Keywords
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, Enzyme inhibitors, Hyaluronidase, Inflammation, Inflammatory mediators, Pro-inflammatory enzymes, Therapeutic targets, Xanthine oxidase