Journal of Biomed Research

Research Article Open Access

Knowledge of nutrition in sports science students of Chittagong University

Muhammed Kamruzzaman, Sariful Islam, Md Parvaz Zahan, Abdullah Al Maruf, Ariful Islam

The study of nutrition dates back to over 200 years; however, sports nutrition is a relatively new discipline involving the application of nutritional principles to enhance athletic performance. Nutrition affects a sportsman in many ways. At the basic level, it plays an important role in achieving and maintaining health. 

Review Article Open Access

Review on main vector and trypanosomosis control methods and future impact of the disease in economically vulnerable ethiopian  farmers

Behablom Meharenet

Before the discovery of insecticide chemicals most of the time the rural community living in tsetse belt areas were forced to conduct bush clearing using fires, destroy forests and forest galleries for the well-being of their and their animal’s health. Tsetse flies are vectors of trypanosomes transmitting the disease called Nagana in cattle and sleeping sickness in human in these Glossina infested or belt areas.

Commentary Open Access

Syndrome similar to Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) produced in mice deleted of the gene encoding transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 (TRPC1)

Bonnie Eby, Alexander Ku Lau, Meghan Pantalia, Usman Khan, Kai Lau

We recently found that global deletion of TRPC1 produces phenotypes similar to FHH. These TRPC1 null mice have mildly elevated serum Ca in both fasted and unfasted conditions from 3.5 through 21.5 months of age, and inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. They also have hypocalciuria, similar to FHH patients.

Review Article Open Access

Pre-school hilly and forest-dense ethnic children nutrition

Md Monoarul Haque

Child under nutrition is a serious issue and burning public health problem worldwide. Pre-school children usually require special care. It is evident that pre-school children suffer highest prevalence of mortality and sufferings of disease. If malnutrition starts in early stages of life it is difficult to recover. According to World Health Organization under nutrition of children requires immediate attention.

Research Article Open Access

Digital workflow for high-risk, low-volume procedure simulation

Nicholas Jacobson, Hayden McClain, Melissa L New

For thousands of years, simulations have been used by doctors for training before performing high-risk procedures on patients. Due to changes in healthcare and academic environments, as well as the introduction of new technologies, we have seen an increase in the use of simulation for education and competency assessment.

Review Article Open Access

Evidence-based educational algorithm “Anki” for optimization of medical education

Matthew Goldman, Jaimie Bryan, Brandon Lucke-Wold

Anki is an open-sourced educational platform that utilizes a spaced repetition-based algorithm for information retention. This application has become increasingly popular among medical students and residents over recent years. The aim of this review was to describe this novel education technique, provide reasons for its adoption, and summarize the available literature regarding the efficacy of this method.

Original Research Open Access

Non-invasive optical brain pulse monitoring: Experience from the first 195 patients

Elliot J. Teo, Sigrid Petautschnig, Finula I Isik, Barry Dixon

Continuous, non-invasive optical brain pulse monitoring (OBPM; Cyban Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Australia) represents a significant advancement in the field of neurological monitoring. OBP monitoring uses red and infrared light sources to capture cardiac and respiratory waves from brain pulse waveforms, which reflect changes in both brain oxygen levels and brain movement.

Commentary Open Access

A longing for flawless awakening from general anesthesia

Yumiko Ishizawa, Jesus J. Ballesteros

Anesthetic recovery can be a critical period since neurocognitive problems such as agitation and delirium are often seen during the early recovery phase. We recently demonstrated that an α2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine-induced unconsciousness and accompanying brain dynamics changes were completely and instantly reversed by the α2-adrenergic antagonist in the nonhuman primate model.

Editorial Open Access

Short comment on COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia

Tungalag Osgonbaatar, Fuyong Jiao, Bittmann S

Mongolia is located between Russia to the north and China to the south, where it neighbors the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The total population in Mongolia is about 3.3 million and nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers.

Commentary Open Access

The ergogenic supplements recommendations also apply to the elite soccer player

Haniel Fernandes

Whilst the performance enhancement effects of ergogenic supplements have been well-established, there are only limited reports for their use in the training and performance evaluation in soccer players. Here, we summarize the results through literature research and present them in a more abstracted form for the scientific community.

Case Report Open Access

Complementary examinations of TMJ: A challenge!

Zenati L, Mehdi M

One of the major problems in diagnosing and interpreting symptoms at TMD is the difficulty of properly visualizing and understanding what is happening within them. This is due to the fact that this complex structure includes hard tissues (bone) and soft tissues (disc, ligaments, synovial membrane). These structures have different densities and are difficult to visualize with a single imaging technique (exploration).

Commentary Open Access

Blending into the crowd: electrophysiological evidence of gestalt perception of a human dyad: extended discussion and theoretical viewpoint

Karima Mersad, Philippe Oliviero

In this commentary, we provide further discussion and interpretation of a recent article entitled “Blending into the Crowd: Electrophysiological Evidence of Gestalt Perception of a Human Dyad”, published one year ago by the first author of the present commentary. Firstly, drawing a parallel between the experiment described in the above article and another closely comparable experimental study, we propose that the neural integration process evidenced when seeing two human shapes close in space is a marker of the categorization of a stimulus as a group of humans (two here) represented as an entity per se.

Review Article Open Access

A brief review of industrial fluorosis in domesticated bovines in India: Focus on its socio-economic impacts on livestock farmers

Shanti Lal Choubisa

An excessive and repeated high fluoride exposure over a long period of time is harmful to the health of humans and domestic animals and causes several toxic effects in the form of fluorosis disease. If fluoride exposure is due to industrial fluoride, the disease is known as industrial fluorosis. In recent years, due to rapid industrialization in India, various health problems are increasing continuously among domesticated bovine animals, cattle (Bos taurus) feed and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) living and grazing in industrial areas due to industrial fluoride pollution.

Research Article Open Access

Gender difference in nutritional knowledge, dietary pattern, and nutritional status of undergraduates in Tartous University, Syria

Samer Younes

The adolescent and young adulthood frames of life offer a crucial window of opportunity for health promotion and disease prevention. At this stage, individuals are free from the influence of parents and take personal decisions on food choices and other lifestyle habits. 

Review Article Open Access

Blinding uveitis induced by secukinumab: A case-based review

Mahjoubi Yasmine Salem, Aouinti Imen, Dahmani Israam, Zgolli Fatma, Charfi Ons, El Aidli Sihem

Secukinumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-17A (IL-17A), is widely used for treating immunoinflammatory disorders. While effective, drug-induced uveitis (DIU) is a rare but serious adverse effect associated with biologic medications like TNF-α inhibitors and more recently, IL-17 inhibitors such as secukinumab. We present a case of posterior uveitis in a 42-year-old male with AS who developed ocular symptoms two years after starting secukinumab.

Review Article Open Access

Human and Earth evolution through CO2: Perspective for climate crisis

Kenji Sorimachi

Although human civilization has developed through genomic evolution, including its fingernail-functional cooperation, the daily lives of humans have resulted in a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) being released into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution, which started almost 200 years ago. Recently, climate change has been documented to have spread globally.

Case Report Open Access

Acute type A aortic dissection in a patient testing positive for Influenza A

Carmel Ashur, Anna Conlon, Marion A. Hofmann Bowman

Acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition, leading to rapid fatality if not promptly treated. The risk for Type A aortic dissection is increased in patients with preexisting thoracic aortic aneurysms, but specific triggering events leading to acute aortic dissection are incompletely understood. Our recent research suggests that influenza may be a risk factor for ATAAD by demonstrating a relationship between regional influenza activity and hospital admissions for ATAAD.

Commentary Open Access

The high-performance youth soccer players carbohydrate ingestion does not seem to change between base categories

Haniel Fernandes

Youth soccer players undergo a maturational changes which result in physiological, anatomical, and biological changes during adolescence. During seven years of follow-up, it was observed that in youth soccer, the sprint distance and number of sprints increased by ~35%, whereas the number of high-intensity actions increased by ~50%.

Review Article Open Access

Attaining highest honors: A study proposal for the medical student’s honors bar expectancy and values changes within medical education

Cheney Elizabeth Huls, Rachel Elizabeth Daum, Zachary Isaac Merhavy, Thomas Chandy Varkey

Expectancy-Value theory was originally proposed by John William Atkinson in the 1950s and 60s as an attempt to understand different behaviors of students including persistence, decision making when given multiple opportunities to choose from, and the effort of striving for success.

Commentary Open Access

Role of cellular, acellular and matrix-like products (CAMPs) in wound bed preparation in diabetic foot

Shubham Vijaykumar, Ravi Kumar Chittoria, Rashmi V Kumar

Diabetic foot ulcers account for 70-80% of all ulcer cases, with this proportion rising to 21–27% in developing countries. The associated mortality rate ranges from 3.75% to 58.8%.

Short Communication Open Access

COVID-19 vaccination, disease severity and practice when COVID turns from endemic to epidemic disease

Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit

The most significant global public health issue is still COVID-19. Due to the advent of a new variation and the widespread use of COVID-19 immunization, the disease is currently not as severe as it was in 2020. The immunization is still required, though. Here, the authors examine and offer suggestions for COVID-19 immunization as the illness transitions from an epidemic to an endemic condition.

Commentary Open Access

Could in vivo histological and gene expression analysis of aged skin be useful for pointing new paths for cosmetics development?

Bagatin E, Martin RP, Varela P, Gomes CP, Marins MM, Filippeli-Silva R, Yarak S, Soares JLM, Pesquero JB

Skin aging is related to intrinsic or chronological and extrinsic or environmental factors. Oxidative stress, with generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), occurs during oxidative cell metabolism, mostly on mitochondria, and it is aggravated by chronic exposition to Ultra-Violet (UV)B (short wavelength) and UVA (long wavelength) sun radiations.

Commentary Open Access

On a match day, what should an elite soccer players routine look like?

Haniel Fernandes

Many questions arise from what may or may not be applicable for an elite soccer player to do during the competitive match day. Currently, we know that athletes are concentrated in hotels and there they receive all the food for the day, i.e., the match day diet. Besides that, the supplementation is usually offered at the stadium.

Commentary Open Access

Clinical insights and research needs in atezolizumab induced neurotoxicity

Mahjoubi Yasmine Salem

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the scope of cancer treatment. Atezolizumab, is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to block its interaction with PD-1 and B7-1 receptors, thereby reinstating T cell response.

Commentary Open Access

Recent advances in pediatric telemedicine

Bittmann S, Luchter E, Lara Bittmann, Moschüring-Alieva E, Villalon G

Telemedicine is a medical service, which is offered across a spatial distance. Doctors and patients use digital tools such as apps, teleconsultation platforms or video technology. There is currently no uniform and generally applicable definition of telemedicine. In the broadest sense it is understood to mean the overcoming of temporal and spatial distances in the context of medical issues.

Commentary Open Access

Perceived sensory dimensions: Key aesthetic qualities for health-promoting urban green spaces

Jonathan Stoltz, Patrik Grahn

The importance of urban green areas to support people’s health and wellbeing has been confirmed by many studies [1]. In addition to regulating functions regarding water, air, and climate, urban green spaces can also contribute through psychologically driven pathways to, e.g., aid restoration from stress and attention fatigue and to promote physical activity (ibid.).

Mini Review Open Access

Prognostic impact of mildly decreased renal function after multivessel coronary revascularization: A mini-review

Tae Oh Kim, Duk-Woo Park

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such cardiovascular risk is not limited to those with advanced renal disease, as even patients with early stages of renal dysfunction show increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Commentary Open Access

Comparative study on chitin content of Bangladeshi edible and medicinal mushrooms

Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Shimul Bhuiyan, Salman Shakil, Shahdat Hossain

Chitin provides immense beneficial roles to the humanity and environment. Most of the chitin extracted worldwide are from the shell of the crustaceans. An alternative source of chitin has been observed as the number of crustaceans has been dilapidating. Here, extraction of chitin from the edible and medicinal macrofungi, mushrooms, have been described.

Commentary Open Access

Insights into the chemical composition, nutritional value, and pharmacological activities of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

Rakesh Sahu, Bhaskar Sahu

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (NNG), commonly known as lotus, holds significant importance in traditional medicine due to its diverse pharmacological activities. This appraisal provides an updated overview of the chemical composition, nutritional value, and pharmacological activities of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn in the context of metabolic diseases.

Review Article Open Access

The pathogenetic roles of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and hyaluronidase in inflammatory diseases: A review

Sooriya Arachchige Sachini Jayawardana, Jayanetti Koralalage Ramani Radhika Samarasekera, Gardhi Hettiarachchige Chamari Madhu Hettiarachchi, Mahavidanage Jaanaki Gooneratne

Inflammation is a complex biological process essential for protecting the body from harmful stimuli. However, dysregulated or chronic inflammation can contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (A5-LOX), xanthine oxidase, and hyaluronidase, play key roles in the initiation, progression, and resolution of inflammation.

Short Communication Open Access

Chronic fluoride poisoning in domestic equines, horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus)

Shanti Lal Choubisa

Repeated chronic fluoride (F) exposure for prolonged duration through water, air, and food causes F poisoning in the form of fluorosis in both humans and domestic and wild animals. However, among domestic equine animals, horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus), chronic F poisoning caused by industrial fluoride pollution and fluoridated drinking water has been well studied.

Research Article Open Access

Recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cardiovascular diseases through artificial intelligence and other innovative approaches

Tamer A. Addissouky, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed, Majeed M. A. Ali, Mahmood Hasen Shuhata Alubiady, Yuliang Wang

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and early diagnosis, treatment, and management are essential for reducing the burden of these diseases. This systematic review provides an update on recent developments in the field of CVDs, including the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosis and management, advances in genetic testing and precision medicine, the role of telemedicine and remote monitoring technologies, novel therapies such as gene therapy and cell therapy, and the importance of addressing mental health in the prevention and management of CVDs.

Commentary Open Access

Adjusting the carbohydrates consumption and improving specific-soccer skills

Haniel Fernandes

Clearly, elite soccer athletes can lose performance as the time matches comes to an end, due to fatigue, match intensity, dehydration, and also, oftentimes, due to poor nutrition or poor supply of energy through carbohydrates.

Mini Review Open Access

Utilizing wheat arabinoxylans as a potent functional biomaterial for fabrication of hydrogels: A mini review

Qiaomei Zhu, Ping Wang, Min Zhang

Arabinoxylans (AXs) are the major structural cell wall component of various cereal brans. As an important dietary fiber source, AXs contain ferulic acids, proteins and other functional ester compounds. These functional components offer AXs well-established health benefits, such as prebiotic effect, antioxidant property, antitumor activity and immunomodulatory property.

Commentary Open Access

Video recorded neonaticide by Takin parturients

Haitao Zhao, Boaguo Li, Ruliang Pan

The conspecific killing of offspring by nonparental individuals occurs broadly in the animal kingdom, from invertebrates to mammals. It includes neonaticide if a neonate is killed on the first day of the birth, and infanticide if such tragedy occurs in the first year of life. As for the occurrences in mammals, they have been recorded on the rodents, artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates), carnivores, perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates), and primates.

Case Report Open Access

Skin necrosis following dobutamine extravasation

Mouna DALDOUL, Charfi Ons, Mahjoubi Yasmine Salem, Ahmed ZAIEM, Aouinti Imen, Sihem AL AIDLI

Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with activity on both alpha-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors. It is used intravenously as an inotropic agent for short term treatment of heart failure. Dobutamine side effects involve usually cardiovascular system. Cutaneous side effects such as inflammation in the administration site following accidental extravasation could occur. Skin necrosis from intravenous soft tissue infiltration is a rare but serious complication of intravenous therapy. Herein we report a rare case of a local skin necrosis in dobutamine infusion site.

Research Article Open Access

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of mice: Catalytic cross site-specific hydrolysis of H1 histone by IgG antibodies against H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4 histones, and myelin basic protein

Andrey E. Urusov, Kseniya S. Aulova, Pavel S. Dmitrenok, Valentina N. Buneva, Georgy A. Nevinsky

Histones and their different modified forms are extremely important in chromatin functioning. Free extracellular histone molecules, however, usually act as damage factors. Treatment of experimental mice with exogenous histones results in systemic toxic responses because of inflammatory reactions and activation of Toll-like receptors 

Commentary Open Access

The biomedical implications of living off-Earth

Chris Impey

Not long ago, the prospect of humans living off-Earth seemed like science fiction. In sixty years of human space flight, fewer than 600 people have been to low Earth orbit, and just 12 have stood on the surface of another world. The cost and difficulty of liberating humans from the grip of gravity put dreams of living off-Earth on ice. Yet that is rapidly changing [1]. Space entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos are perfecting reusable rockets that can ferry people more frequently and cheaply into orbit, and Musk’s company Space-X has announced plans for a large rocket to ferry people to Mars. 

Short Communication Open Access

Wide-field photoacoustic imaging in a snap with a single-element detector

Lei S. Li

Photoacoustic imaging has increasing biomedical applications, from fundamental research to clinical translations, due to its high optical absorption contrast and high acoustic resolution in deep tissue. The current implementations of photoacoustic imaging employ either a multi-element ultrasonic array for parallel signal detection or raster-scanning of a single-element detector for serial data acquisition, demanding a trade-off between throughput and cost.

Research Article Open Access

The relationship between poor oral health and poor general health in Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples

Xiangqun Ju, Kostas Kapellas, Lisa Jamieson

It is impossible to conceive of oral health outside of general health. Evidence suggests that both the short- and long-term systemic diseases are associated with poor oral health, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, respiratory disease in particular for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease.

Original Research Open Access

Interaction effects of FTO polymorphisms on post-surgery weight, and post-BMI after bariatric surgery

Elva Perez-Luque, Steven Daza-Hernández, Nicté Figueroa-Vega, Mónica I. Cardona-Alvarado, Norberto Muñoz-Montes, Claudia Martinez-Cordero

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, preventing and treating obesity has become a major public health goal. Bariatric surgery is considered the intervention most effective for patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m² or ≥35 kg/m²) with comorbidities and to maintain weight loss and glycemic control in the long-term. In addition, improvement or long-term remission of comorbidities such as T2D, hypertension, and dyslipidemia after bariatric surgery has been reported.

Review Article Open Access

Transforming glomerulonephritis care through emerging diagnostics and therapeutics

Tamer A. Addissouky, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed, Majeed M. A. Ali, Mahmood Hasen Shuhata Alubiady, Yuliang Wang

Glomerulonephritis refers to inflammation and injury of the glomeruli, the tiny filtration units within the kidneys. It can arise from various causes like infections, autoimmunity, and genetic factors, and may be acute or chronic. Symptoms include blood and protein in the urine, high blood pressure, and swelling, though manifestations differ.

Research Article Open Access

Racial underrepresentation in dermatological datasets leads to biased machine learning models and inequitable healthcare

Giona Kleinberg, Michael J Diaz, Sai Batchu, Brandon Lucke-Wold

Modern advances in artificial intelligence are phenomenal as trained machine learning models are learning to solve humanities greatest problems. In addition to the many technical problems machine learning models are attempting to solve, there is a plethora of research on the possible clinical applications of machine learning.

Commentary Open Access

Commentary: SARS-CoV-2 new variants: Characteristic features and impact on the efficacy of different vaccines

Jiyun Zhou, Abbas Khan, Dong-Qing Wei

A recent article published by Abbas et al. in the Journal of Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy systematically revealed about the vaccines developed against the recent pandemic agents SARS-CoV-2 and its variants [1]. The authors insightfully provided an overview on the distinct features of the SARS-CoV-2 new variants, the associated mortality rate, hospitalization, re-infection and finally the efficacy of different vaccines.

Commentary Open Access

Cell therapies for neonatal encephalopathy: On the question of dose, route of administration, timing, and single versus multiple doses

Elliot J. Teo

The optimal range of cell dose, route of administration, and timing for the treatement of neonatal encephalopathy are not known. However, it is not practical to systematically interrogate all combinations of these variables in animal models to define the optimal cell therapy protocol. Despite this limitation, a number of trends are present in the literature that should be considered when designing future clinical and preclinical trials.

Mini Review Open Access

Tailoring interactions for cisPro peptide bond stabilization

Shreya Banerjee, Erode N Prabhakaran

Elucidation of the nature of non-covalent interactions that govern the rate-limiting cis-trans isomerism at Xaa-Pro peptide bonds is fundamental to unravelling the protein folding mechanism, the stereoelectronic control elements of the structure and dynamics of the peptide bond, and the design of novel peptide isosteres.

Letter to the Editor Open Access

Pulmonary agenesis in a newborn

Stefan Bittmann, Luchter E, Lara Bittmann, Elena Moschüring-Alieva, Villalon G

There are all transitions from hypoplasia of the lung to agenesis or aplasia of a lung lobe and to complete absence of the entire lung system as classifies such malformations as follows: a) unilateral complete absence of lung and bronchus, b) absence of one half of the lung and a short blind course of the associated bronchus, c) trunk bronchus formed, lung as a hazelnut- to fist-sized, unflap fist- sized, unlobed, fleshy structure in the mediastinum.

Commentary Open Access

The halftime strategies applied to elite soccer players for rehydration and maintain performance

Haniel Fernandes

The professionals involved soccer should understand that due to the game’s rules there may not be possibility correct hydration for soccer players during the matches and the opportunities that may appear to drink electrolytic drinks are still limited, not only drinks, but also opportunities to offer carbohydrates in gel form during matches. 

Letter to the Editor Open Access

Half-time hydration and re-warm-up strategies for football players

Khawaja Mohammad Mowahid Haider, Khwaja Husnain Haider

We have read the commentary by Fernandes H (2024) with interest on a mini-review entitled Hydration Strategies for Elite Soccer Players. Given the popularity of the game globally and the busy tournament schedules without a break for the soccer players, their fitness remains a primary concern for the players and their coaches alike. Hence, elite soccer performance is crucial and depends on physiological readiness, technical skills, and tactical execution. 

Short Communication Open Access

Is drinking groundwater in India safe for human health in terms of fluoride?

Shanti Lal Choubisa

Groundwater has been an invaluable resource for humanity for centuries. India is the world’s largest user of groundwater. It is mostly used not only for drinking and cooking but also for miscellaneous domestic purposes and irrigation in agriculture. Hand-pumps, bore-wells, step-wells, and open deep dug-wells continue to be the primary and major sources of groundwater production in India.

Research Article Open Access

Effect of sawdust and rice straw on yield and yield attributes of different strains of Pleurotus cystidiosus

Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Fahmida Chowdhury, Shaheb Shamim, Akther Jahan Kakon, Ferdaus Ahmed

To evaluate the effect of sawdust (SD) and rice straw (RS) on yield of different strains of Pleurotus cystidiosus (PCYS1-5), various yield attributes were measured in the present experiment. Among them, the best effect had been observed in the case of PCYS2. The highest mycelial running rate was observed in PCYS-2 + SD (0.84 cm). The highest average number of fruiting body/packet was observed in the treatment PCYS-2 +SD (61.00), followed by PCYS-1 +SD (58.00), PCYS-2 +RS (58.00) and the lowest in the treatment PCYS-3 +RS (47.00).

Original Research Open Access

Knowledge, attitude and practice of life style modification in the management of hypertension

Khan Md Shahariar Zaman, Sabrina Shafiq, Md Saiful Islam, Rubaiyat-E-Mortaz, Susmita Debnath, Rokshana Begum, Khandoker Abdur Rahim, Mesbah Uddin Ahmed

Hypertension remains as one of the most important public health challenges worldwide because of the associated morbidity, mortality, and the cost to the society. Despite the availability of safe and effective antihypertensive medications and the existence of clear treatment guidelines, hypertension is still inadequately controlled in a large proportion of patients worldwide. Unawareness of lifestyle modifications, and failure to apply these were one of the identified patient-related barriers to blood pressure control.

Research Article Open Access

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of mice: Enzymatic cross site-specific hydrolysis of H3 histone by IgGs against H3, H1, H2A, H2B, and H4 histones, and myelin basic protein

Andrey E. Urusov, Kseniya S. Aulova, Pavel S. Dmitrenok, Valentina N. Buneva, Georgy A. Nevinsky

Histones, with their various modified forms, are vitally important in chromatin functioning. However, free extracellular histone molecules in biological liquids usually act as damage factors. Mice treatment with exogenous histones determines several toxic responses because of inflammatory reactions and activation of Toll-like receptors.

Original Research Open Access

Prevalence of Equine Strongyloidiasis and associated risk factors in Guder, Ethiopia

Zerihun Getie Wassie, Abraham Belete Temesgen

Equines, which include horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras, are large hoofed mammals characterized by long legs, strong hooves, and a diet primarily composed of grasses. These animals play an important role in ecosystems and have been closely connected to human societies throughout history.

Original Research Open Access

Risk factors of stroke: A cross cut survey study on the basis of social class

Jasim Uddin, Tahmina Jahan Tama

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of long-term disability. A worldwide study based on vital record and data imputation shows that per year 15 million people faces the event ‘stroke’ which causes 5 million deaths and a further 5 million patients living with permanent cognitive and physical disability.

Original Research Open Access

Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and associated risk factors of exotic chicken in selected farm of poultry in and around Ambo, Ethiopia

Saleamlak Abebe, Zerihun Getie Wassie, Theobesta Solomon, Abraham Belete Temesgen

Poultry is kept in backyards or commercial production systems in most areas of the world. Compared to a number of other livestock species, fewer social and religious taboos are related to the production, marketing, and consumption of poultry products. For these reasons, poultry products have become one of the most important protein sources for humans throughout the world.

Commentary Open Access

Commentary on the use of the Taguchi method for electrocoagulation optimization in dairy effluent treatment

Praful N K, Binaya Kumar Pattnaik, Sandipan Das

Dairy industry wastewater, characterized by its high load of organic and inorganic pollutants, continues to pose significant challenges to conventional treatment technologies. Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as an effective alternative, but its success depends on the careful optimization of multiple interrelated parameters.

Literature Review Open Access

Overview of Fasciolosis

Tesfaye Mesfin, Abraham Belete Temesgen

Fasciolosis (fascioliasis) is an important parasitic disease of both animals and humans, caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. These liver flukes have a complex life cycle involving freshwater snails as intermediate hosts, with infection occurring through ingestion of metacercariae on contaminated vegetation or water.

Review Article Open Access

Modeling of psychological time cognition with Human Language based Consciousness model

Hana Hebishima, Shinichi Inage

This paper interprets subjective psychological time in a model of consciousness called the HLbC model proposed by the authors. Time has an objective physical time and a subjective psychological time. Subjective psychological time is thought to vary in its flow depending on the individual and the situation. For this explanation, this paper introduces surreal numbers into the perception of subjective psychological time.

Systematic Review Open Access

Prevalence of Brucellosis in Saudi Arabia: A meta-analysis

Hasan Nawaz Tahir, Misbah Ahmed, Sarosh Sher Ali, Huma Naim, Imran Zaheer, Khaled Hashim Mahmoud, Mohammed Saleh Al-Dhubaibi, Ramaprabha Prabhakar

Brucellosis is a preventable bacterial illness that is common all over the world and a consistent problem in Saudi Arabia. Understanding the true prevalence of the disease in Saudi Arabia could provide information on how to tackle this health concern.

Research Article Open Access

Dietary habit, hygiene practice, and disease status among street children: A cross sectional survey

Khondoker Monir Hossen, Md Raihan, Md Shehab Hossain, Nazmun Taiyeba Propa, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Hossain Md Al- Amin, Mohammed Alamgir

Child rag pickers in Dhaka city are increasing and very little known about their conditions and nutritional status. They lead a very vulnerable life and high risk of prone to different kinds of diseases. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at selected areas of Dhaka to assess food habit, hygiene practice and disease pattern of street children.

Systematic Review Open Access

Comparative analysis of initial outcomes: Magnetic sphincter augmentation versus fundoplication in gastroesophageal reflux disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hasan Nawaz Tahir, Shahnawaz Tahir, Sarosh Sher Ali, Maham Aziz Uddin Ahmed, Imran Zaheer, Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam, Ahmed Mohammed Al-Dhubaibi, Saad Alsaab, Yousaf Ali

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a long-term digestive condition marked by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. The worldwide combined prevalence of GERD was found to be 13.98%. GERD remains a significant public health problem due to its high global prevalence and potential for severe complications, including esophagitis, strictures, and progression to Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. 

Mini Review Open Access

CRISPR-Cas systems: A revolution in genome editing and its diverse applications

Joseph Lin, Jun Yang

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) Cas (CRISPR6 associated protein) system is an advanced adaptive immune system found in prokaryotes. First discovered in1987, CRISPR Cas has revolutionized genetic research in the past two decades. CRISPR-Cas9 the most widespread system enables precise gene editing by creating double strand breaks.

Commentary Open Access

Recent advances and challenges in brain tumor segmentation utilizing α-expansion graph cut

Roaa Soloh, Hassan Alabboud, Ahmad Shahin, Adnan Yassine, Abdallah El Chakik

This commentary summarizes our team's recent study, "Brain Tumor Segmentation Based on α-Expansion Graph Cut," by discussing the recent advances in deep learning integration, multimodality imaging, and real-time segmentation tools. It also highlights the strengths of the method in energy minimization and noise handling done throughout the study, while it addresses the challenges related to scalability, deep learning integration, and generalization.

Research Article Open Access

Total lymphocyte count and wound dehiscence of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Mohammad Sayeem Rahman Bhuiyan, Mohammad Abul Kalam Azzad, Mohammed Mahbub Zaki, Md Mostafizur Rahaman, Mohammadullah

Nutritional status is a sensitive indicator of health. There is not a single parameter that serve as the only and best parameter to evaluate malnourished patients or patients with risk for malnutrition. Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were a focus of concern for nutritional impairment. Nutritional impairment is a common phenomenon among the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Research Article Open Access

Determination of allelic, phenotypic, and genotypic frequency of the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among Injibara University students, Ethiopia

Alemu Tsega

Blood is the body's main fluid, transporting nutrition, oxygen, and hormones throughout the entire structure. Rh antigen and blood types are inherited. The first chromosome contains the Rh antigen gene, while the ninth chromosome has the ABO antigen gene.

Commentary Open Access

From decay to decadence: Fungal alchemy in waste valorization

Prerna Mehta

Fungal alchemy harnesses fungi's enzymatic efficiency to naturally degrade synthetic plastics. Enzymes like cutinase and lipase, secreted by Aspergillus and Penicillium, break down plastics, while lignocellulolytic enzymes and oxidant ions aid in this process. Aspergillus nidulans, Bjerkandera adusta, and Pleurotus ostreatus drive bioenergy and genetic engineering innovations for a sustainable eco-friendly approach to plastic waste management and waste valorization.