Here we present some new observations on early stages in chick corneal development obtained by re-mining of datasets obtained via serial block face scanning electron microscopy. We focus on matrix cords, proteoglycan-rich structures of apparent ectodermal origin, emerging from the epithelial basal lamina, which extend proximally into the growing collagenous matrix destined to become the corneal stroma.

It has been nearly 20 years since Girard first described the technique of placing a lens in the absence of capsular support [1]. Since that first report, numerous procedures have been described [2-9]. While the techniques have continued to evolve, little has been reported on refractive outcomes.

Phakic intraocular lenses have been available as an option for the treatment of refractive errors in eyes whose corneal surgical procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or small incision lenticule extraction (Smile) are formally contraindicated or unacceptable [1-3]. 

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a leading cause of lameness in broiler chickens, which results in financial losses due to mortality and reduced growth. Due to the nature of the condition, it raises animal welfare and food safety concerns as well. The pathology in the commercial setting is derived from a combination of weak bone and bacterial translocation and infection.

Interferons (IFNs) are a class of small immunological proteins that are secreted by infected cells during viral or bacterial infections to combat and prevent infection propagation [1]. They play important roles in triggering signal cascade processes inside the cell that activate other immune cells and limit viral multiplication.