Archives of Nursing and Healthcare

In recent years, stress and stress-coping mechanisms constitute a growing public healthcare issue concerning modern society. Experiencing stress engenders a great complex mechanism named stress response, which consists of a rapid release of catecholamines by the sympathetic nervous system, followed by a slower response in which hormones, mainly glucocorticoids (GCs), are synthesized and released to the bloodstream.

Two distinct, but intertwining, threads of inquiry have demonstrated that the PDE4, or cAMP-selective, phosphodiesterases, have an essential role in human cognition, learning and memory. Study of genetically-modified preclinical models, and of humans with mutations in the PDE4D gene, has provided some of the most rigorous proof of the importance of PDE4 signaling in the CNS. More recently, clinical trials of PDE4-selective inhibitors have shown promising clinical activity in disorders of cognition and memory.

This paper interprets subjective psychological time in a model of consciousness called the HLbC model proposed by the authors. Time has an objective physical time and a subjective psychological time. Subjective psychological time is thought to vary in its flow depending on the individual and the situation. For this explanation, this paper introduces surreal numbers into the perception of subjective psychological time.

Cancer is a multifaceted disease that is overwhelming in the breadth and scope of its genetic diversity, tissue pathology, and response to therapy. In recent years, the development of novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing cell-based therapies has provided significant clinical benefit to patients with certain hematological malignancies. The overall response rates (ORR) of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved autologous CD19 CAR T cell products for the treatment of refractory and relapsed B cell lymphomas have reached approximately 80% in defined patient populations, with durable remissions of greater than several years. Regrettably, the deployment of these novel cell-based therapies against solid tumor indications has garnered much less enthusiasm due to disappointing clinical success. The intrinsic adaptability of solid tumors makes them particularly elusive for effective targeted treatment, in part due to their extensive cellular heterogeneity and antigen diversity, their capacity to evade immune responses through antigen escape, and their ability to establish immune suppressive microenvironments. Identifying and selecting appropriate tumor specific antigens that distinguish tumor cells from healthy tissue remains arguably one of the most essential requirements to develop efficacious solid tumor targeting cell-based therapies.