Injuries to the eye are a common cause of emergency department (ED) visits in the pediatric age group. There were nearly 14 million ED visits for traumatic injuries in children under age 5 in 2017 in the US, and most of these occurred at a private residence [1]. The highest number of pediatric ED visits for ocular injury were reported in children ages 1-5.

Stroke is the most common cause of disability and the number two cause of death worldwide. The TOAST classification denotes five subtypes of ischemic stroke, large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, small-vessel occlusion, stroke of other determined etiology and stroke of undetermined etiology.

The significance of the first years of living in determining mental health later in life has been acknowledged since the early psychoanalytic approaches to the understanding of mental illness delivered by Sigmund and Anna Freud, Rene Spitz and John Bowlby. Empirical research since then has documented the early childhood origin of most mental disorders seen in older children and adolescents. Birth cohort studies have provided evidence on the interplay of genes and environment from early stages of prenatal life and the longterm influences of pre-and perinatal risk factors.

Given that viral infections may trigger either the development of inflammatory renal disease or the worsening of pre-existing renal disease, activated signaling through Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) reportedly plays a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases (GN). Concerning TLR3 in intrinsic glomerular cells, it has been reported that the activation of TLR3 and downstream immune responses can be induced by both infectious organisms and endogenous ligands and leading to the development of “pseudo” antiviral immunity-related inflammations in the kidney.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multiorgan, systemic autoimmune disease that occurs more frequently in women than men and is typically diagnosed in women of reproductive age.