Clinical Research in Oncology

Commentary Open Access

AI-driven designed protein epigenomics

Shiri Levy , Hannele Ruohola-Baker

The biological revolutions of computationally designed proteins, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and the CRISPR-Cas9 system finally enables modifications that can spur deep understanding of spatial requirement of epigenetic information. This commentary describes the utility of a computationally designed protein, EED Binder (EB), when fused to dCas9 (EBdCas9) for identifying critical sites of PRC2 dependent histone H3K27me3 marks in the chromatin. By using EBdCas9 and gRNA, PRC2 function can be inhibited at specific loci, resulting in precise reduction of EZH2 and H3K27me3 marks, and in some (but not all) locations, activation of the gene and functional outcomes (such as regulation of cell cycle or trophoblast transdifferentiation).

Editorial Open Access

Fight tumor heterogeneity

Meihong Chen

Intratumor heterogeneity has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Heterogeneity is the driving force of tumor clone evolution. Chromosomal instability, somatic mutation, epigenetic modification and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The degree of such heterogeneity is extremely high.

Commentary Open Access

Modulating the immunotolerant tumor microenvironment to enhance irreversible electroporation ablation therapy

Michelle Yu , Jim Xiang

Over the years, several ablation techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation, have been developed and implemented in the treatment of different cancers. Of these ablation technologies, RFA is the most widely used. RFA is a form of thermal ablation that relies on radio waves to produce an electrical current at the tip of an inserted electrode, thus allowing for heat production at the site of the tumor.

Review Open Access

Harnessing innovation for the future of breast cancer management

Tamer A. Addissouky , Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed , Majeed M. A. Ali , Mahmood Hasen Shuhata Alubiady , Yuliang Wang

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in women worldwide. Incidence rates continue to rise globally. Breast cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying molecular features, clinical behaviors, and responses to therapy. While survival rates have improved, challenges persist such as invasive cancers, recurrent metastatic disease, and mortality among subgroups.

Original Research Open Access

Pediatric and adolescent cancer in a national referral hospital in Peru in 2024: Epidemiological profile and public health challenges

Jesús Domínguez-Rojas , Lily Jannete Saldaña Gallo , Jenny Villalobos Alva

Background: Pediatric cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. In Peru, structural barriers limit timely diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and proper epidemiological registration. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profile of the pediatric cancer population at INSN-Breña in 2024.
Methods: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study based on the 2024 institutional cancer registry from the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN) using the national epidemiological surveillance guideline.