Epidemiologic data show a high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease, which therefore is a prominent healthcare issue. Adults and the elderly are most commonly affected, with heavy repercussions on society and caregivers. The outcome of CNS disease, whether the etiology is vascular, degenerative or traumatic, is often significant disability or death. Motor, language and cognitive deficits are most prevalent, but vision is also frequently affected, in the form of visual field defects or oculomotor and binocular disorders. In the present paper, we discuss peripheral and central visual field defects.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Adequate pain management is critical to the well-being and overall recovery of these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative in-person pain education on the pain severity experienced by patients undergoing CABG surgery in Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center in Tehran in 2022. In this quasi-experimental study, 72 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were selected and randomly divided into intervention (n=36) and control (n=36) groups.

Proximal humerus fracture with simultaneous shoulder dislocation in children is a rare occurrence, with few reported cases. This systematic review of case reports aimed to document the outcomes of different treatment methods. A comprehensive literature search from 1980 to 2024 included case reports on traumatic shoulder fracture-dislocation in children. Eighteen studies were included, with a mean followup of 1.5 years. The cases comprised 7 boys and 11 girls, aged between 11 months and 16 years (median 6 years). The cases were divided into two groups based on epiphysealinvolvement.

Introduction: Traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms (TICAs) and penetrating cerebrovascular injuries (PCVI) complicate gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) and other forms of penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI). Recent developments in neuroimaging have allowed early detection of these lesions in the minutes and hours following the initial injury. CT angiography (CTA) and digitally subtracted angiography (DSA) have different sensitivity, periprocedural risks, and logistical limitations. Growing evidence is defining their role in clinical practice.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancerrelated mortality in women worldwide. Incidence rates continue to rise globally. Breast cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying molecular features, clinical behaviors, and responses to therapy. While survival rates have improved, challenges persist such as invasive cancers, recurrent metastatic disease, and mortality among subgroups.