Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal tumors which predominantly originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestinal lining. Around ~85% of malignant GISTs possess activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptors KIT or PDGFRA. The driver mutations in genes other than KIT or PDGFRA account for around 15% GISTs and belong to highly heterogeneous groups called wild-type GISTs. Around 20–40% of WT-GISTS are deficient for the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD). 

Influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn) are two major respiratory pathogens in humans. IAV infection alone is often self-limited, and SPn colonization can be found in 5-90% of healthy individuals, as normal flora [1,2].

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multiorgan, systemic autoimmune disease that occurs more frequently in women than men and is typically diagnosed in women of reproductive age.

This literature review examines evidence regarding pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated adenocarcinoma and focuses on the potential role of long, non-coding RNA molecules. The role of long non-coding RNA species is an area of active research and represents an opportunity for novel biomarker Identification to aid early diagnosis, risk stratification and post-operative disease monitoring.

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly increased the longevity of people living with HIV infection. Consequently, the HIV patient population is maturing, and age-related diseases now have a much greater impact on their health and well-being than do HIV associated infections. Cigarette smoke exposure is highly prevalent in the HIV community and chronic smoke inhalation triggers the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).