Journal of Experimental and Molecular Pathology

Microbial infection can cause cell damage in both plants and animals, as well as triggering stress responses commonly induced by environmental (abiotic) cues. 

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2020 may affect the peripheral and central auditory system. According to studies in the literature, symptoms affecting the vestibulocochlear system such as sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular neuritis are seen in individuals with COVID -19. 

The significance of KIR like natural killer cell receptors in autoimmune disorders was published by us in the year 2020 in a reputed journal “Clinical Immunology”. In this issue we have discussed the complex nature of autoimmune diseases revealing a multi-factorial etiology that involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors

Neuropsychiatric disorders have been the constant burden impacting healthcare since 1990, and more than 3 billion people worldwide are living with neurological conditions. Mental health conditions with cognitive decline were also observed in people who contracted SARSCoV-2 and later presented the PACS related disease after the resolution of primary infection. 

Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and prenatal ultrasound can identify disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD), although discrepancies between genetic and phenotypic data can complicate diagnoses. 

The Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) has two risk variants crucial for innate immunity against pathogens, such as Trypanosoma and HIV. Still, it is also linked to diseases like preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, cardiovascular diseases, and systemic lupus erythematosus, which are often worsened by environmental factors or infections called "second hits."