Journal of Biomed Research

Review Article Open Access

Tsetse fly management and trypanosomiasis control strategies in Ethiopia

Masresha Yehualashet

Animal trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, is a major constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. The disease, primarily transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina spp.), leads to anemia, weight loss, reduced milk and meat production, infertility, and mortality in affected animals, causing significant socio-economic losses.

Commentary Open Access

Extracts from Nicotiana glauca as a therapeutic strategy against rhabdomyosarcoma

Natalia Frattini , Lucía Pronsato , Andrea Vasconsuelo , Lorena Milanesi

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma, which commonly appears in the head, neck, genitourinary region and extremities. RMS is believed to originate due to alterations in the growth and activity of immature precursor muscle cells, preventing their differentiation into skeletal muscle cells and thus acquiring malignant potential. 

Mini Review Open Access

Molecular network regulation and precision therapy frontiers in osteoarthritis: from ferroptosis to autophagy metabolic reprogramming

Yue Zhang , Huichang Zhang , Xiaoying Zhu , Bohong Gao , Kamel Meguellati , Cibo Huang

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent degenerative joint disease, involves intricate molecular interactions across joint tissues. This review highlights advancements in understanding OA pathogenesis, focusing on the ferroptosis-autophagy axis and the therapeutic potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).

Literature Review Open Access

Bovine mastitis: causopathology, diagnosis, treatment, and patho-pathogenesis

Abraham Belete Temesgen , Birhan Anagaw Malede , Yelak Hulugeza Mengstu , Abebech Atinafu Yehulashet , Saleamlak Abebe , Zerihun Getie Wassie , Kefale Ambachew Shiferaw

Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the bovine mammary gland caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, with pathogens primarily entering through the teat canal. Once established, they proliferate and evade host immunity, triggering complex immunological cascades mediated by bacterial toxins, proteins, and immunomodulators, which can result in increased somatic cell counts, vascular permeability, fibrosis, and systemic toxemia in severe cases.

Case Report Open Access

Successful management of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and Subclinical oroantral communication post dental implant using combined endoscopic and Caldwell Luc approach: a case report

Rubeena Arora , Jitendra Singh , Pankaj Shourie , Vijay Rawat

Objective: To successfully manage odontogenic maxillary sinusitis & subclinical oroantral communication post dental implant, using combined endoscopic & Caldwell Luc approach without removing dental implant.

Editorial Open Access

The living bridge - applications of physiological principles in biomedicine

Divya Ramanathan

In the ever-evolving landscape of biomedicine, physiology continues to act as the quiet architect behind many transformative advances. While molecular biology often captures attention and technology impresses with precision, physiology offers the deeper narrative of how life actually unfolds within the human body.

Commentary Open Access

Reimagining psychiatric classification in the age of Big Data

Sam Goldstein

Mental health diagnosis is undergoing a quiet but decisive transformation, one that reflects both the strengths and the limits of the systems that have guided psychiatry for more than half a century. For decades, structured diagnostic manuals provided a shared language for clinicians, researchers, and institutions, allowing a field once marked by inconsistency to establish a degree of coherence and legitimacy.

Original Research Open Access

Ultrasound guided caudal block for post operative analgesia in adult perineal surgeries; comparison of Ropivacaine versus Ropivacaine and Dexamethasone - a prospective randomized double blinded study

Bhupendra Kr Singh , Varsha Gupta , Swastika Chakraborty , Neelam Sinha , Amit Kumar

Background and aims: Caudal epidural block is a commonly used technique for perineal surgeries in children. It is also used for chronic pain management in adults. Due to anatomical changes and variation, failure rate of caudal block in adults is very high with conventional landmark guided technique even in experienced hands.

Commentary Open Access

Leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: biology, therapeutic resistance, and barriers to durable remission

Giovannino Silvestri

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells and disruption of normal hematopoiesis. Despite major advances in genomic classification and the development of targeted therapies, long-term survival remains limited for many patients due to relapse and treatment resistance [1–3].

Commentary Open Access

Induction of labor in contemporary obstetrics: Why evidence alone does not change practice?

Ahmed Nooh

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) has become one of the most frequently performed interventions in modern obstetrics. In many healthcare systems, more than one-third of pregnancies now involve labor induction. Despite the availability of extensive clinical evidence and comprehensive national and international guidelines, substantial variation persists in the way induction is implemented across maternity services.

Commentary Open Access

Mitochondria as redox–epigenetic integrators of adaptive gene expression

Andrea Borges

The evolutionary origin of mitochondria remains a challenging problem, closely linked to the emergence of eukaryotic cells, a process known as eukaryogenesis. Regardless of how primordial mitochondria truly evolved, mitochondria have traditionally been viewed as bioenergetic organelles with primary functions of ATP production and metabolic support. They are classically known as the ‘powerhouse’ of the cells. In aging biology, this view has often been paired with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative imbalance and stress. 

Original Research Open Access

Dual assessment of the effectiveness of neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) both as termite bio-pesticide and fertilizing agent in Eritrea

Michael Weldeslassie , Demaris Tedros , Diliet Berhane , Eyoab Iyasu Gebremeskel

Introduction: Global agriculture faces substantial yield losses and environmental degradation caused by a heavy dependence on synthetic pesticides. As a sustainable alternative, the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) produces bioactive compounds, such as azadirachtin, which function as natural insecticides. This study evaluates the efficacy of Neem extract sourced from Asmara, Eritrea, as a biological control against termites and organic fertilizer. 

Commentary Open Access

Green exercise as neurological infrastructure: The synergistic role of park-based activity in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulation and cognitive longevity

Daniel Etim Jacob , Imaobong Daniel Jacob , Koko Sunday Daniel , Enobong Ubong Okoko

Modern urban environments are increasingly disconnected from human evolutionary biology, contributing to a dementia cliff where rising rates of cognitive decline threaten global healthcare sustainability. This commentary argues that Protected Areas (PAs) are not merely recreational spaces but essential neurological infrastructure. Physical exercise triggers the release of the myokine Irisin, which crosses the blood-brain barrier to stimulate Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus.