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Volume 4, Issue 1, p10-36
Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.
Cellular conversations at the crossroads of health and disease
The first issue of Cell Signaling in 2025 provides an interdisciplinary overview of cellular communication, covering topics ranging from neuronal and metabolic regulation to immune evolution and regenerative processes. The studies featured in this volume collectively demonstrate how signaling pathways govern the delicate, finely tuned balance between adaptation and dysfunction, and how their manipulation continues to inspire biotechnological and therapeutic innovation.
Cell Signal, 2026, Volume 4, Issue 1, p10-13 | DOI: 10.46439/signaling.4.088
Effects of salt on A2A adenosine receptors expression and function: in vitro approach and pathophysiological perspectives
Salt (sodium chloride) and A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR) have both been implicated in blood pressure regulation. While high salt consumption raises blood pressure, A2AR is a key mediator of coronary vasodilation. Although a sodium ion binding pocket has been identified in A2AR, the physiological link between salt and A2AR remains poorly investigated. Hereby, we explored how salt modulates its expression and function in vitro.
Cell Signal, 2026, Volume 4, Issue 1, p14-20 | DOI: 10.46439/signaling.4.089
Emerging hallmarks of GEMIN5 in neurodevelopmental disease
GEMIN5 is a modular RNA-binding protein responsible for the recognition of snRNAs through its WD40 domain placed at the N-terminus. A dimerization module at the central region of the protein acts as a hub for protein-protein interaction, and a non-canonical RNA-binding domain is placed towards the C-terminus. Recent studies reported loss of function Gemin5 biallelic variants which develop cerebellar ataxia, hypotonia and neurodevelopmental delay, indicating that GEMIN5 deficiency is detrimental for survival.
Cell Signal, 2026, Volume 4, Issue 1, p21-24 | DOI: 10.46439/signaling.4.090
Current advances and future directions in cell signaling: redox communication and emerging therapeutic paradigms
Cell signaling represents a highly coordinated molecular dialogue that governs cellular behavior and tissue homeostasis. Among its many facets, redox signaling has emerged as a pivotal mechanism, transforming our understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mere metabolic byproducts to essential messengers [1]. Historically associated with oxidative stress and cellular damage, ROS are now recognized as regulators of physiological processes through reversible oxidation of cysteine residues in proteins.
Cell Signal, 2026, Volume 4, Issue 1, p25-27 | DOI: 10.46439/signaling.4.091
NUB1 protein localization as a prognostic modifier in ER-negative breast cancer
Breast cancer remains a heterogeneous disease in which prognostic stratification, particularly within estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subtypes, remains clinically challenging. While genomic and transcriptomic profiling have advanced risk classification, protein-level regulation and subcellular localization are rarely incorporated into prognostic frameworks. NEDD8 ultimate buster 1 (NUB1) is a proteostasis-associated protein involved in degradation of ubiquitin-like modifiers and regulation of cell-cycle progression.
Cell Signal, 2026, Volume 4, Issue 1, p28-30 | DOI: 10.46439/signaling.4.092
Development of an error-corrected next-generation sequencing method for the quantification of hotspot cancer driver mutations
Low-frequency somatic mutations accumulate in normal tissues throughout life and contribute to cancer initiation, yet their detection is limited by the sensitivity of conventional sequencing methods. We describe CarcSeq, an error-corrected, targeted next-generation sequencing platform developed to quantify rare cancer driver mutations (CDMs) at variant allele frequencies as low as ~10-4. CarcSeq integrates high-fidelity amplification, unique molecular identifiers, and single-strand consensus sequencing to accurately measure mutant frequency (MF) across a curated panel of sequences encompassing recurrent oncogene and tumor suppressor hotspots.
Cell Signal, 2026, Volume 4, Issue 1, p31-36 | DOI: 10.46439/signaling.4.093
EGCG modulates nuclear formaldehyde-induced Tau phosphorylation in neuronal cells
Tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease is known to hamper several cellular functions including microtubule dynamics, proteostasis etc. Tau is a microtubule-stabilizing protein, playing an important role in maintaining the integrity of the axonal microtubules [1,2].
Review of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: Challenges, diagnostics, management, and pathophysiology
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (sdAVFs) are rare (5-10 per million per year), often misdiagnosed vascular lesions most commonly found in the thoracolumbar spine [1-7]. These lesions commonly present with progressive myelopathy in male (approximately 80%) patients who are usually in their 7th decade of life [3-6,8].
Perspective study of UPR signaling molecules as potential biomarkers in bone metabolism
The skeletal system consists mostly of extracellular matrix and mineral salts. Osteoblasts and chondrocytes create enormous amounts of extracellular matrix proteins for skeletal systems to grow and sustain. Many skeletal metabolism related proteins are produced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and secrete outside cell membrane then form to extracellular oligometric matrix proteins and collagens.
Selecting ideal combined immunotherapy for treating HCC
The discovery of proper sensitizers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment represents a significant breakthrough in the field of cancer therapy, but it is still in initial stage [1,2].
Radiation induced molecular signalling in the cells: A real struggle between death or breathe
Radiation is omnipresent in the universe. Since the primitive period, chemical evolution led to a biological evolution somehow driven by the ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on the Earth’s atmosphere [1,2].
Approach to testicular adrenal rest tumors in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a disorder affecting cortisol biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex [1]. 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most frequent reason for CAH, with an incidence between 1:10.000 and 1:20.000 [2]. Due to the lack of enzyme function, patients with any enzyme deficiency cannot synthesize cortisol effectively.
Aiming for the brain: a new thermogel-based drug delivery platform
The design of safe drug delivery systems that locally allow efficacious concentration of curative molecules has become the latest frontier in nanomedicine. It usually relies on the entrapment of drugs into micro/nano carriers guaranteeing for the controlled release of the drugs while protecting them from degradation and fast clearance.
Do arrestin oligomers have specific functions?
Arrestins were discovered as key players in the conserved two-step homologous desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): they specifically bind active phosphorylated GPCRs, precluding their coupling to cognate G proteins, thereby stopping (“arresting”) G protein-mediated receptor signaling [1].
Immune-enhanced nanocomposites provide hope for drug-resistant infection treatment
Antibiotic misuse contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, resulting in infections that cause over one million deaths annually [1-3]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial methods. Traditional antibiotic therapy is often incomplete due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, leading to relapse.
Deciphering Notch signaling notch by notch
The NOTCH receptors are mechanosensing proteins that require cell-cell contact and physical force for activation. While most receptors have evolved to respond to one or a few unique ligands, the four NOTCH receptors can respond to any of the five Delta/Serrate/Lag-2 (DSL) ligands - Jagged (JAG) 1, 2, and Delta-like (DLL) 1, 3, 4 [1].
A vicious cycle happened in the progress of hyperhomocysteinemia, the same may exist in the development of cancer
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is at the intersection of two metabolic pathways: remethylation and trans-sulfuration, which abnormality can result in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). In the past few years our team has been working on the molecular mechanism of HHcy development.
The value of EGFR in individualized treatment for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family. It is involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inhibition of apoptosis, adhesion, metastasis, and is associated with the progression of lung cancer [1-3].
Development of an authentic light-activated calcium channel
Optogenetics utilizes the fusion of naturally occurring light-sensing proteins with target proteins to induce conformational changes, oligomerization, or dissociation in response to illumination of light with specific wavelengths.
GABA fluctuations driven by astrocytic Glu-GABA exchange explain synaptic acuity
Gliocentric paradigms showcase functional association of neurons with astrocytes, as in tripartite glutamatergic synapses. Astrocytes, activated by Glu:3Na(+) symport apply GABAergic inhibitory feedback on synaptic excitation via GABA efflux by GAT-3 reversal and subsequent GABAA activation (astrocytic Glu/GABA exchange [1-3]).
Commentary: Role of estrogen receptor β in kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a growing global health challenge, impacting over 800 million individuals worldwide [1]. Numerous evidences have shown that women are more resistant to CKD than men before menopause, however this beneficial effect is diminished in those with post-menopause, highlighting the pivotal role of estrogen in kidney disease [2-5].
In search for molecular mechanisms of Post COVID-19 vascular damage
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has changed significantly with newchallenges constantly arising (Figure 1) [1]. One of the main challenges is the increased prevalence of a prolonged post-COVID-19 syndrome, widely known as "Post COVID", which is currently regarded as a public health issue worldwide [2].
Pathogenic contribute of unaffected cardiac cells in female Fabry cardiomyopathy
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common manifestations of Fabry disease (FD) [1] and it can be the only clinical expression, in the so called cardiac variant, as result of specific mutation of
alpha-galactosidase-A gene (GLA), as the N215S one [2].
Probes for cancer metastasis imaging and therapeutic targeting
Metastasis of cancer is the process by which the primary tumor spreads from the original site to other parts of the body. Palliative care is the most common treatment option available for patients with metastatic cancer, but most patients eventually succumb to the disease due to the lack of therapeutics that can specifically target disseminated tumors [1].
Unlocking the significance of CD226 in cancer
CD226 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a well-defined structural organization, which is primarily expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T cells, and some subsets of B cells [1,2]. Its primary structure consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail [1]. Each of these domains contributes to the protein's overall function.
Friend or foe? The elusive role of ANGPTL4 in inflammation
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifaceted secreted protein discovered by three different institutions in 2000 simultaneously [1]. It is expressed in adipose tissues, liver, muscle, heart, kidney, skin, and other tissues. The nutritional, metabolic, and inflammatory status of the organism regulate the expression of ANGPTL4 [2-4].